Microchannel reactors for fuel processing applications. I. Water gas shift reactor

Tonkovich, Annalee Y.; Zilka, Jennifer L.; Lamont, Mike; Wang, Y.; Wegeng, Robert S.

doi:10.1016/s0009-2509(98)00346-7

Cited by 133 publications

(92 citation statements)

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“…Nowadays, PEMFC technology has been well developed, and is gradually in the stage of commercial application, while the hydrogen-generating technology has become the bottle-neck for the practical utilization of fuel cells. The miniaturization of hydrogen source is the prerequisite for its practical application [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO selective oxidation in a microchannel reactor for PEM fuel cell

Chen

Yuan

et al. 2004

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO selective oxidation in a microchannel reactor for PEM fuel cell

Chen

Yuan

et al. 2004

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…Micro-channel reactors appear to be able to accomplish the formidable heat transfer task while achieving small reactor volumes. [52] However, it will require high performance catalysts to take advantage of the favorable low temperature equilibria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ru/Fe 2 O 3 , Au/Fe 2 O 3 and Au/TiO 2 all were reported to have high CO conversion activity at 200 • C. [48][49][50] As found by Gorte et al and other groups, precious metals supported on ceria exhibit surprisingly high WGS activities. [20,22,29,51,52] Other groups investigated precious metals supported on zirconia. [45,[52][53][54] As opposed to the very selective conventional catalysts, the formation of methane can be significant for precious metal catalysts causing a decrease in hydrogen production and extreme heat release.…”

Section: Catalyst Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20,22,29,51,52] Other groups investigated precious metals supported on zirconia. [45,[52][53][54] As opposed to the very selective conventional catalysts, the formation of methane can be significant for precious metal catalysts causing a decrease in hydrogen production and extreme heat release. [52,54] The selectivity of commercial Fe/Cr/Cu and a model 2% Pt/CeO 2 catalyst is compared in Figure 9.…”

Section: Catalyst Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[45,[52][53][54] As opposed to the very selective conventional catalysts, the formation of methane can be significant for precious metal catalysts causing a decrease in hydrogen production and extreme heat release. [52,54] The selectivity of commercial Fe/Cr/Cu and a model 2% Pt/CeO 2 catalyst is compared in Figure 9. At moderately high space velocity the ceria catalyst operated at equilibrium but produced nearly 2% CH 4 was detected.…”

Section: Catalyst Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalyst development for water–gas shift

Ladebeck¹,

Wagner²

2010

Handbook of Fuel Cells

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In the industrial production of hydrogen and of synthesis gas the water gas shift reaction represents an essential step for the overall process efficiency of the process by increasing the hydrogen yield and by adjusting the desired ratio of hydrogen and carbon monoxide for a subsequent synthesis step. In addition to that in fuel cell technology it is absolutely necessary to decrease the CO content of the fuel hydrogen due to the limited CO tolerance of present day fuel cell anodes. To be successful applying water gas shift catalysts in hydrogen production for fuel cells especially in automotive systems some major obstacles of the commercial Cu/Zn/Al catalyst systems must be overcome. Major new demands are reduction of volume and weight by two to three orders of magnitude, oxidation resistance and improved tolerance for steam condensation and poisons, here mainly sulfur present in gas feedstock and in gasoline. Precious metal catalyst systems on rare earth metal oxides are most promising and could fulfill the requirements in nonstationary applications were conventional catalysts are not applicable.

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Combinatorial Chemistry

Hewes

Kaiser

Karim

et al. 2003

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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and advanced materials industries, with the result that the methodology known as ''combinatorial chemistry'' is now relatively ubiquitous in companies conducting research in advanced materials, catalysts, and polymers.Many of the methodologies adopted by advanced materials researchers were developed for drug discovery in the pharmaceuticals industry. Drug discovery had entered the new paradigm of combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening (HTS) in the 1980s, led independently by Furka (5) and Geysen & co-workers (6). The major industry driver was to develop new therapeutics with very tight time-and cost constraints. Traditional techniques of synthesizing and characterizing synthetic targets one-by-one were too slow. Combinatorial chemists indicated that, in theory, the number of potential drug targets-small organic molecules containing C, H, N, and O atoms -approaches 10 50 , although the number of compounds considered useful is probably closer to 10 10 -10 15 (7), and that the only way to screen this diversity was by using massively parallel synthesis and characterization techniques. A number of review articles have covered these pioneers and subsequent developments (8). The commercial importance, and acceptance, of combinatorial methods became obvious when, in 1994 and 1995, Eli Lilly acquired Sphinx for $80 million, Glaxo plc (now GlaxoSmithKline, GSK) acquired technology leader Affymax for $533 million, and Marion Merrell Dow bought Selectide for $58 million (9). Experimental throughputs using 96-well titre plates were on the order hundreds to thousands of reactions per day (a ''hit'' in the discovery phase). By 1999, the ability to robotically synthesize and characterize 1 million distinct organic compounds per year was realized by some pharmaceutical companies, driving down R&D costs per sample by two orders of magnitude, to $1 or less per ''hit''.Today, many chemical and advanced materials companies have implemented some form of HTE in their discovery research phases, through internal investment, mergers, and acquisitions. The market drivers-global pressures for higher performance specialty materials and higher profits on commodity materials-have pressed these industries to increase productivity in their new product discovery and process development phases. HTE for materials often has little similarity with methods developed in the drug discovery arena, however, researchers have quite effectively leveraged many methods and tools from the pharmaceutical applications (10). This is evident in the area of industrial catalysis, where HTE utilized in the discovery and process development phases have cut concept-to-launch cycle times in half; this represents significant cost savings as well as commercial advantages such as market penetration and intellectual property position. The New Paradigm for Materials Research2.1. Application Areas. Many of the market factors that influenced drug discovery are presently driving a need for reducing the cycle time for the discovery and process development of new ad...

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Microchannel reactors for fuel processing applications. I. Water gas shift reactor

Cited by 133 publications

References 0 publications

CO selective oxidation in a microchannel reactor for PEM fuel cell

CO selective oxidation in a microchannel reactor for PEM fuel cell

Catalyst development for water–gas shift

Combinatorial Chemistry

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