Microcirculatory effect of topical vapocoolants

Galdyn, Izabela; Swanson, Edward W.; Gordon, Chad R.; Kwiecień, Grzegorz; Bena, James; Siemionow, Maria

doi:10.4172/plastic-surgery.1000917

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2016

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“…The vapocoolants may be associated with minimal erythema or blanching of the skin in some patients which resolves in \5 min [37]. An animal study that evaluated vascular and histologic changes found no significant changes with the use of Pain-Ease and concluded that it was safe [39]. One caveat to remember is that technique is critical for vapocoolant sprays to be effective.…”

Section: Needle-free Injectablesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Pediatric Pain and Anxiety in the Emergency Department: An Evidence-Based Approach to Creating an Anti-Pain Environment

Avarello

Rocker

Tanweer

2016

Curr Emerg Hosp Med Rep

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There have been real advances in the area of pain and anxiety management in pediatric patients in the urgent and emergent settings. The focus on the ''patient experience'' and not just the obtaining of a diagnosis and a treatment has forced many Emergency Departments to reassess how they address pain and anxiety. Many new products and methods, whether pharmacological based or not, are being utilized to make the patient encounter less stressful and less painful for both children and families. Additionally, it has been recognized that appreciating the importance of the patient's developmental age is essential in choosing the correct modality of intervention. Yet again, we learn children are not just small adults.

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Section: Needle-free Injectablesmentioning

confidence: 96%