Microclimate and forest management alter fungal-to-bacterial ratio and N2O-emission during rewetting in the forest floor and mineral soil of mountainous beech forests

Blagodatskaya, Еvgenia; Dannenmann, Michael; Gasché, Rainer; Butterbach‐Bahl, Klaus

doi:10.1007/s10533-009-9310-3

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In view of the growing evidence on the role of fungal denitrification to N 2 O fluxes, the missing distinction between fungal and bacterial O exchange rates is relevant since it illustrates that variations in the fungal share of soil N 2 O fluxes would not affect the extent of O incorporation from H 2 O . Hence, the high O exchange during N 2 O formation in soil, as suggested by previous soil studies, is probably independent of the fungal‐to‐bacterial ratio of the N 2 O fluxes .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…While research activities in earlier decades concentrated on bacterial denitrification processes, fungal denitrification has received more attention lately. Recent studies indicated that in some soils fungal N 2 O production from denitrification might even be greater than that of bacteria . However, the fungal production pathway of N 2 O has not yet been sufficiently investigated and to our knowledge there has been no study focusing on fungal oxygen (O) exchange between water (H 2 O) and denitrification intermediates.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies indicated that in some soils fungal N 2 O production from denitrification might even be greater than that of bacteria. [6][7][8][9] However, the fungal production pathway of N 2 O has not yet been sufficiently investigated and to our knowledge there has been no study focusing on fungal oxygen (O) exchange between water (H 2 O) and denitrification intermediates. In the following we briefly describe (I) the enzymatic steps of bacterial NO 3 À reduction to N 2 O and its O exchange, (II) existing hypotheses about the O exchange mechanism, and (III) the possibilities of using 18 O isotopic analysis as a tool to understand production processes in order to investigate parallels to fungal denitrification and its associated O exchange.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fungal oxygen exchange between denitrification intermediates and water

Rohe

Anderson²,

Braker

et al. 2013

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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This is the first report on oxygen exchange with water during fungal denitrification. The exchange appears to be within the range previously reported for bacterial denitrification. This adds to the difficulty of differentiating N2O producing processes based on the origin of N2O-O. However, the large oxygen exchange repeatedly observed for bacteria and now also fungi could lead to less variability in the δ(18)O values of N2O from soils, which could facilitate the assessment of the extent of N2O reduction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Fungal oxygen exchange between denitrification intermediates and water

Rohe

Anderson²,

Braker

et al. 2013

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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“…These efforts suggested that fungi play a large but unrecognized role in N turnover and N 2 O flux (9,(11)(12)(13). Although the SIRIN methodology has provided valuable insight into the fungal contribution to denitrification, the application of SI-RIN to soils can be problematic as incomplete inhibition can bias the observations (14)(15)(16). Hence, alternative approaches (e.g., PCR) that selectively target fungal genes involved in denitrification are desirable to advance understanding of the fungal diversity contributing to N cycling in environments such as soils, aquifers, and deep-ocean sediments, where denitrifying fungi have been cultivated (7,13,17,18).…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection and Diversity of Fungal Nitric Oxide Reductase Genes ( p450nor ) in Agricultural Soils

Higgins

Welsh

Orellana

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Members of the Fungi convert nitrate (NO 3؊ ) and nitrite (NO 2 ؊ ) to gaseous nitrous oxide (N 2 O) (denitrification), but the fungal contributions to N loss from soil remain uncertain. Cultivation-based methodologies that include antibiotics to selectively assess fungal activities have limitations, and complementary molecular approaches to assign denitrification potential to fungi are desirable. Microcosms established with soils from two representative U.S. Midwest agricultural regions produced N 2 O from added NO 3 ؊ or NO 2 ؊ in the presence of antibiotics to inhibit bacteria. Cultivation efforts yielded 214 fungal isolates belonging to at least 15 distinct morphological groups, 151 of which produced N 2 O from NO 2 ؊ . Novel PCR primers targeting the p450nor gene, which encodes the nitric oxide (NO) reductase responsible for N 2 O production in fungi, yielded 26 novel p450nor amplicons from DNA of 37 isolates and 23 amplicons from environmental DNA obtained from two agricultural soils. The sequences shared 54 to 98% amino acid identity with reference P450nor sequences within the phylum Ascomycota and expand the known fungal P450nor sequence diversity. p450nor was detected in all fungal isolates that produced N 2 O from NO 2 ؊ , whereas nirK (encoding the NO-forming NO 2 ؊ reductase) was amplified in only 13 to 74% of the N 2 O-forming isolates using two separate nirK primer sets. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the value of p450nor-targeted PCR to complement existing approaches to assess the fungal contributions to denitrification and N 2 O formation. IMPORTANCEA comprehensive understanding of the microbiota controlling soil N loss and greenhouse gas (N 2 O) emissions is crucial for sustainable agricultural practices and addressing climate change concerns. We report the design and application of a novel PCR primer set targeting fungal p450nor, a biomarker for fungal N 2 O production, and demonstrate the utility of the new approach to assess fungal denitrification potential in fungal isolates and agricultural soils. These new PCR primers may find application in a variety of biomes to assess the fungal contributions to N loss and N 2 O emissions. Denitrification is a key process responsible for loss of fixed nitrogen (N) in soils and sediments and is mediated by both abiotic and microbial processes (1, 2). Of the microorganisms involved in denitrification, members of the Bacteria are well studied and considered key contributors; however, some saprotrophic fungi also conserve energy from the reduction of nitrate (NO 3 Ϫ ) or nitrite (NO 2 Ϫ ) to nitrous oxide (N 2 O), the main end product of fungal denitrification (3-5). Fungi have been implicated in N turnover for over 30 years (1,3,6), but the ecological importance of fungal contributions to denitrification remain uncertain. Potential roles of fungi in soil N loss and greenhouse gas (i.e., N 2 O) emission are underexplored, and monitoring tools (e.g., quantitative or endpoint PCR) to specifically address the presence and abundance of denitrif...

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“…In contrast, treatment M supplied organic matter, which can make organic molecules electron donors for denitrifiers to enhance denitrification. Previous research has shown that fungi prefer acidic conditions for denitrification and N 2 O emissions (Blagodatskaya, Dannenmann, Gasche, & Butterbach‐Bahl, ). However, Rohe et al () indicated that N 2 O emissions from fungal denitrification can occur at a neutral pH.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partitioning of sources of N₂O from soil treated with different types of fertilizers by the acetylene inhibition method and stable isotope analysis

Lin

Ding

Zhang

et al. 2019

European J Soil Science

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Nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the major human‐induced greenhouse gases. It has a large potential for global warming, a long lifetime and can deplete ozone. In China, nitrogenous fertilizer is an important source of N2O in agricultural soils, especially in vegetable production, where large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers are commonly used. Isotopomer ratios of N2O, oxygen and bulk nitrogen isotope values (δ18O and δ15Nbulk) and intramolecular 15N site preferences (SP) have recently been used to identify the sources of N2O. In this study, vegetable farm soil was incubated with manure (M), compound fertilizers (CF) and no fertilizers (NF). The acetylene inhibition method and a 15N isotopic technique were used to reveal the most likely microbial processes leading to N2O emissions. The results showed that the M treatment produced smaller N2O emissions than the CF treatment of the soil. Nitrifier denitrification or denitrifier denitrification made the greatest contribution to N2O production in the M treatment, accounting for approximately 60–89% of N2O production, whereas it was 25–55% and 37–66% in the CF and NF treatments under non‐acetylene conditions, respectively. Under non‐acetylene conditions, N2O reduction to N2 was largest for treatment M (32–90%), intermediate for NF (42–77%) and smallest for CF (20–51%). The results also showed that nitrifier nitrification and N2O reduction were partly inhibited under acetylene conditions, with a relative contribution of 9–20% and 0–83% for M, 39–48% and 0–46% for CF, and 25–35% and 0–56% for NF, respectively. Our results suggest that analysing isotopomer ratios of N2O with SP would be a practical approach for determining the contributions of microbial processes to N2O emissions from different pools in soil. The results revealed that manure produced smaller N2O emissions and promoted relatively larger rates of denitrification and N2O reduction than compound fertilizers with the same amount of N, which indicated that complementing chemical with manure fertilizers might help to reduce N2O emissions on vegetable‐producing land. Highlights We investigated emissions and sources of N2O with different types of fertilizers. For the same amount of N, manure produced less N2O than compound fertilizer. Stable isotope analysis revealed that denitrification was the dominant process in the manure treatment. The acetylene inhibition method can supplement δ15Nbulk compared with the SP model to assess N2O reduction in soil.

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Microclimate and forest management alter fungal-to-bacterial ratio and N2O-emission during rewetting in the forest floor and mineral soil of mountainous beech forests

Cited by 37 publications

References 51 publications

Fungal oxygen exchange between denitrification intermediates and water

Fungal oxygen exchange between denitrification intermediates and water

Detection and Diversity of Fungal Nitric Oxide Reductase Genes ( p450nor ) in Agricultural Soils

Partitioning of sources of N₂O from soil treated with different types of fertilizers by the acetylene inhibition method and stable isotope analysis

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Microclimate and forest management alter fungal-to-bacterial ratio and N2O-emission during rewetting in the forest floor and mineral soil of mountainous beech forests

Cited by 37 publications

References 51 publications

Fungal oxygen exchange between denitrification intermediates and water

Fungal oxygen exchange between denitrification intermediates and water

Detection and Diversity of Fungal Nitric Oxide Reductase Genes ( p450nor ) in Agricultural Soils

Partitioning of sources of N2O from soil treated with different types of fertilizers by the acetylene inhibition method and stable isotope analysis

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Partitioning of sources of N₂O from soil treated with different types of fertilizers by the acetylene inhibition method and stable isotope analysis