Microcystins in Water: Detection, Microbial Degradation Strategies, and Mechanisms

He, Qi; Xu, Qianqian; Liu, Zhimin; Teng, Junhui; Yan, Hai; Liu, Xiaolu

doi:10.3390/ijerph192013175

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…Some of them, however, show preferential food selection for cyanobacteria mats [ 86 ]. The microorganisms present in detritus, such as fungi and bacteria, play a fundamental role in not only the degradation and stabilization of organic matter, which is necessary for its assimilation by some detritivores, but also in the detoxification caused by the presence of cyanotoxins, especially MCs [ 109 , 110 ]. Several freshwater environmental microorganisms are capable of completely degrading MCs, and even of acting on their adda ring, and different enzymatic pathways have been found.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cyanobacteria and Macroinvertebrate Relationships in Freshwater Benthic Communities beyond Cytotoxicity

Ubero-Pascal,

Aboal

2024

Toxins

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Cyanobacteria are harmful algae that are monitored worldwide to prevent the effects of the toxins that they can produce. Most research efforts have focused on direct or indirect effects on human populations, with a view to gain easy accurate detection and quantification methods, mainly in planktic communities, but with increasing interest shown in benthos. However, cyanobacteria have played a fundamental role from the very beginning in both the development of our planet’s biodiversity and the construction of new habitats. These organisms have colonized almost every possible planktic or benthic environment on earth, including the most extreme ones, and display a vast number of adaptations. All this explains why they are the most important or the only phototrophs in some habitats. The negative effects of cyanotoxins on macroinvertebrates have been demonstrated, but usually under conditions that are far from natural, and on forms of exposure, toxin concentration, or composition. The cohabitation of cyanobacteria with most invertebrate groups is long-standing and has probably contributed to the development of detoxification means, which would explain the survival of some species inside cyanobacteria colonies. This review focuses on benthic cyanobacteria, their capacity to produce several types of toxins, and their relationships with benthic macroinvertebrates beyond toxicity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several freshwater environmental microorganisms are capable of completely degrading MCs, and even of acting on their adda ring, and different enzymatic pathways have been found. Nonetheless, the most studied pathway is that by which microcytinase (MlrA) forms a part and involves a cluster of four genes (mlrABCD) [ 109 , 111 , 112 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyanobacteria and Macroinvertebrate Relationships in Freshwater Benthic Communities beyond Cytotoxicity

Ubero-Pascal,

Aboal

2024

Toxins

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“…Since 1957, when the first MC was detected, many methods have been developed to analyze environmental samples for cyanotoxins [162]. Nowadays, the number of studied cyanotoxins and analytical methods for their qualitative and quantitative detections have increased.…”

Section: Data Gaps In Cyanotoxins Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater Cyanobacterial Toxins, Cyanopeptides and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Nugumanova¹,

Ponomarev²,

Askarova³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Since the middle of the twentieth century, when the first MCs were identified and purified [ 179 ], many methods have been developed to analyze environmental samples for cyanotoxins [ 180 ]. Nowadays, the number of studied cyanotoxins and analytical methods for their qualitative and quantitative detections have increased.…”

Section: Cyanobacterial Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater Cyanobacterial Toxins, Cyanopeptides and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Nugumanova

Ponomarev

Askarova

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Cyanobacteria produce a wide range of structurally diverse cyanotoxins and bioactive cyanopeptides in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. The health significance of these metabolites, which include genotoxic- and neurotoxic agents, is confirmed by continued associations between the occurrence of animal and human acute toxic events and, in the long term, by associations between cyanobacteria and neurodegenerative diseases. Major mechanisms related to the neurotoxicity of cyanobacteria compounds include (1) blocking of key proteins and channels; (2) inhibition of essential enzymes in mammalian cells such as protein phosphatases and phosphoprotein phosphatases as well as new molecular targets such as toll-like receptors 4 and 8. One of the widely discussed implicated mechanisms includes a misincorporation of cyanobacterial non-proteogenic amino acids. Recent research provides evidence that non-proteinogenic amino acid BMAA produced by cyanobacteria have multiple effects on translation process and bypasses the proof-reading ability of the aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase. Aberrant proteins generated by non-canonical translation may be a factor in neuronal death and neurodegeneration. We hypothesize that the production of cyanopeptides and non-canonical amino acids is a more general mechanism, leading to mistranslation, affecting protein homeostasis, and targeting mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. It can be evolutionarily ancient and initially developed to control phytoplankton communities during algal blooms. Outcompeting gut symbiotic microorganisms may lead to dysbiosis, increased gut permeability, a shift in blood-brain-barrier functionality, and eventually, mitochondrial dysfunction in high-energy demanding neurons. A better understanding of the interaction between cyanopeptides metabolism and the nervous system will be crucial to target or to prevent neurodegenerative diseases.

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Microcystins in Water: Detection, Microbial Degradation Strategies, and Mechanisms

Cited by 25 publications

References 116 publications

Cyanobacteria and Macroinvertebrate Relationships in Freshwater Benthic Communities beyond Cytotoxicity

Cyanobacteria and Macroinvertebrate Relationships in Freshwater Benthic Communities beyond Cytotoxicity

Freshwater Cyanobacterial Toxins, Cyanopeptides and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Freshwater Cyanobacterial Toxins, Cyanopeptides and Neurodegenerative Diseases

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