Microdetermination of ammonia by the ring oven technique and its application to air pollution studies

Shendrikar, A.D.; Lodge, James P.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(75)90129-8

Cited by 35 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Most gaseous ammonia measurements reported in the literature trap ammonia with an acidic medium: acid bubblers [Breeding et al, 1973;Junge, 1957], acid-coated filters [Shendrikar and Lodge, 1975], or acid-coated denuder tubes [Ferm, 1979]. The solution from the bubblers or rinsed f'fiters or tubes is then analyzed for ammonium via colorimetry, ion-specific electrode, or ion chromatography.…”

Section: Concentration Measurement Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous ammonia fluxes and background concentrations in terrestrial ecosystems of the United States

Langford¹,

Fehsenfeld²,

Zachariassen³

et al. 1992

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

127

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Ammonia (NH3) is the dominant gaseous base in the atmosphere and the principal neutralizing agent for atmospheric acids, yet remains one of the least well characterized atmospheric trace compounds. In particular, the spatial and temporal distribution of the background concentrations in terrestrial ecosystems and the importance of natural emissions from undisturbed soils and vegetation is poorly understood. This situation persists because of experimental difficulties associated with ammonia measurements, the rapid gas‐to‐particle conversion of ammonia in the atmosphere, and the capacity of native soils and vegetation to act as both source and sink for atmospheric ammonia. In the present paper, we attempt to summarize the current understanding of the natural sources and sinks for gaseous NH3 and the importance of natural emissions relative to anthropogenic emissions in the United States. We briefly review the physical and chemical processes that transform NH3 in the atmosphere, the major anthropogenic and potential natural sources of atmospheric NH3, and the techniques used to measure low concentrations and fluxes of atmospheric NH3. The available background concentrations and flux measurements of ammonia in natural ecosystems are then described and used to infer upper limits for the emissions of NH3 into the atmosphere from these systems. While the magnitude of both anthropogenic and natural emissions of NH3 remain uncertain, it appears that unperturbed terrestrial ecosystems are generally more important as sinks rather than sources for atmospheric NH3. However, net emissions are likely from many eastern forests and other ecosystems exposed to large inputs of atmospheric sulfate.

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Section: Concentration Measurement Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaseous ammonia fluxes and background concentrations in terrestrial ecosystems of the United States

Langford¹,

Fehsenfeld²,

Zachariassen³

et al. 1992

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

127

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“…The diurnal variation in the computed ammonia concentration is modest, ranging from --•3-7 ppb. (Field measurements typically give nonurban concentrations of 2-5 ppb [Breeding et al, 1973;Shendrikar and Lodge, 1975]. ) Given this reasonable agreement, the relative rates of the ammonia reaction processes can be assessed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The oxidation of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and methane in nonurban tropospheres

Graedel¹

1977

J. Geophys. Res.

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Kinetic calculations of the photochemistry of the nonurban troposphere have been performed to assess the oxidation of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and methane. In each case this oxidation proceeds by hydroxyl radical abstraction of a hydrogen atom, followed by peroxy radical formation. These abstraction reactions have low rates in the troposphere; thus little participation of NHB, H•.S, and CH4 in gas phase tropospheric chemistry occurs. In the case of ammonia, two radical reactions or one radical reaction plus an NO reaction are required to produce nitric oxide. As a result, NO production from NH8 is unimportant, most of the ammonia being incorporated into aerosols. Hydrogen sulfide oxidation is nearly as slow as that of ammonia, producing SO•. concentrations of • 1 ppb and little sulfate. Anthropogenic sources may thus be important in the production of sulfate aerosol even in remote areas. Methane oxidation is perhaps best assessed by comparing its rate with the rates of carbon monoxide and the terpenes. Although the methane rate is about twice that of CO, it is 10 times less than that of the terpenes. The terpenes thus dominate much of the gas phase chemistry of the nonurban troposphere. (R27) CHq. + O•. (_.m) CH30•.'

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“…This was found to give quantitative collection of ammonia from ambient air. 64 Eggleton and Atkins 65 report an impregnated filter paper prepared from a Whatman No. 41 paper impregnated with potassium bisulfate which has a collection efficiency in excess of 95% for linear face velocities up to 70 cm/sec"' and relative humidities of 30 to 100%.…”

Section: Ammoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances In Air Pollution Analysis

Harrison¹,

Stevens²

1984

C R C Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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Microdetermination of ammonia by the ring oven technique and its application to air pollution studies

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

Gaseous ammonia fluxes and background concentrations in terrestrial ecosystems of the United States

Gaseous ammonia fluxes and background concentrations in terrestrial ecosystems of the United States

The oxidation of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and methane in nonurban tropospheres

Recent Advances In Air Pollution Analysis

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