Microdot technology for individual marking of small arthropods

Whitehead, Michael R.; Peakall, Rod

doi:10.1111/j.1461-9563.2011.00556.x

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…This confirms previous observations of male thynnines repeatedly patrolling set paths [42]. The median movement distances of 38 m and 46.5 m ( Z. nigripes and Z. gilesi , respectively; length = 20 - 30 mm) are greater than that previously documented for smaller bodied (<20 mm) thynnine pollinators of sexually deceptive orchids (14.8-24 m) [5], [8], [43]. Further, the maximum distance moved (556 m, Z. gilesi ) was approximately three times greater than previously reported for thynnines in a CMR study (161 m, Neozeleboria cryptoides , length = 9 mm) [43].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The median movement distances of 38 m and 46.5 m ( Z. nigripes and Z. gilesi , respectively; length = 20 - 30 mm) are greater than that previously documented for smaller bodied (<20 mm) thynnine pollinators of sexually deceptive orchids (14.8-24 m) [5], [8], [43]. Further, the maximum distance moved (556 m, Z. gilesi ) was approximately three times greater than previously reported for thynnines in a CMR study (161 m, Neozeleboria cryptoides , length = 9 mm) [43]. In contrast, the bee Colletes cunicularius (length = 10 mm), the pollinator of four species of European Ophrys orchids [44], moved on average only 5.2 m in search of mates in the vicinity of a large nesting aggregation [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

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Mate-Searching Behaviour of Common and Rare Wasps and the Implications for Pollen Movement of the Sexually Deceptive Orchids They Pollinate

et al. 2013

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Pollinator behaviour directly affects patterns of pollen movement and outcrossing rates in plants. In orchids pollinated by sexual deception of insects, patterns of pollen movement are primarily determined by the mate-searching behaviour of the deceived males. Here, using a capture-mark-recapture study (CMR) and dietary analysis, we compare mate-searching behaviour in relation to local abundance of two pollinator species and explore the implications for pollen movement in sexually deceptive Drakaea (Orchidaceae). Drakaea are pollinated solely by the sexual deception of male thynnine wasps. The rare Drakaea elastica and widespread D. livida occur sympatrically and are pollinated by the rare but locally common Zaspilothynnus gilesi, and the widespread and abundant Z. nigripes, respectively. Local abundance was significantly different with Z. nigripes twice as abundant as Z. gilesi. For the 653 marked wasps, there was no significant difference in median movement distance between Z. gilesi and Z. nigripes. However, the maximum movement distance was twice as high for Z. gilesi (556 m) compared with Z. nigripes (267 m). This is up to three times greater than previously reported for thynnines in CMR studies. Recapture rates were six times higher in Z. gilesi (57%) compared to Z. nigripes (9%). Pollen loads and wasp longevity were similar, suggesting that this difference in recapture rate arises due to differences in the number of males moving at a scale >500 m rather than through diet or mortality. Differences in the frequency of longer movements may arise due to variation in the spatial distribution of the wingless females. We predict that pollen movement will largely be restricted to within populations of Drakaea (<500 m), with few movements between populations (>500 m).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Mate-Searching Behaviour of Common and Rare Wasps and the Implications for Pollen Movement of the Sexually Deceptive Orchids They Pollinate

et al. 2013

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“…For the patch avoidance models, even within the constraint of the input of real coordinates, a vast number of scenarios could be generated. Therefore, to ensure realistic patch avoidance models, they were parameterized based on mark–recapture data for N. cryptoides , which is both closely related, and of similar size to the two pollinators in this study (Whitehead & Peakall, , ). The patch avoidance distance imposed was therefore drawn from a normal distribution with mean = 12 m, SD = 13 m, corresponding to the single‐day dispersal distances recorded for N. cryptoides .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here our goal was to characterize pollen‐mediated gene flow for two clonal, self‐compatible sexually deceptive orchids in the genus Chiloglottis . The highly specific wasp pollination of these two orchid species, combined with data on typical mate‐search behaviour (Whitehead & Peakall, , ), offered a unique opportunity to make two explicit testable predictions about plant mating patterns. First, we predicted that pollinator patch avoidance would promote high outcrossing rates despite extensive clonality and self‐compatibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination by sexual deception promotes outcrossing and mate diversity in self‐compatible clonal orchids

Whitehead

Linde

Peakall

2015

J of Evolutionary Biology

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The majority of flowering plants rely on animals as pollen vectors. Thus, plant mating systems and pollen dispersal are strongly influenced by pollinator behaviour. In Australian sexually deceptive orchids pollinated by male thynnine wasps, outcrossing and extensive pollen flow is predicted due to floral deception, which minimizes multiple flower visitations within patches, and the movement of pollinators under mate-search rather than foraging behaviours. This hypothesis was tested using microsatellite markers to reconstruct and infer paternity in two clonal, self-compatible orchids. Offspring from naturally pollinated Chiloglottis valida and C. aff. jeanesii were acquired through symbiotic culture of seeds collected over three seasons. In both species, outcrossing was extensive (t m = 0.924-1.00) despite clone sizes up to 11 m wide. The median pollen flow distance based on paternity for both taxa combined was 14.5 m (n = 18, range 0-69 m), being larger than typically found by paternity analyses in other herbaceous plants. Unexpectedly for orchids, some capsules were sired by more than one father, with an average of 1.35 pollen donors per fruit. This is the first genetic confirmation of polyandry in orchid capsules. Further, we report a possible link between multiple paternity and increased seed fitness. Together, these results demonstrate that deceptive pollination by mate-searching wasps enhances offspring fitness by promoting both outcrossing and within-fruit paternal diversity.

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“…One coding element commonly used in physical taggants is the microdot, a small polymer disc between 2-1000 μm in size containing minute photographic information. Text or images etched onto microdots are usually too small to be observed by the naked eye alone but may be revealed upon optical magnification [30]. Although initially developed as a covert means of transferring data during World War II, companies such as DataDot and Microtrace have taken advantage of microdot technology by including them in a number of ink and varnish based suspensions [3].…”

Section: Physical Taggantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taggant materials in forensic science: A review

Gooch

Daniel

Abbate

et al. 2016

TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry

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Highlights The use of forensic taggant technologies has become considerably more widespread  The application of taggant materials for forensic purposes are described  The different coding methods used in commercial marking materials to infer identity are explored  Recent developments in the field are discussed along with future perspectives AbstractThe use of taggant technology to mark objects for the purpose of identification is becoming a significant part of national crime reduction strategies. Taggants may be able to prevent or monitor criminal offences by associating an object with a specific piece of information. While the material properties of a taggant will largely vary between application purposes, a specific 'coding' element will generally be incorporated to infer marker uniqueness. With the speed, simplicity and accuracy of coding component analysis largely determining the overall efficacy of taggants, continuing advances in portable in-field analysis, nanotechnology and material science should have allowed for the development of new and improved forensic marking agents. However, the limited amount of recent research in this area suggests that this is not the case. This critical review therefore examines the current state of presently available taggants before attempting to offer insight into the future direction of forensic marking technology.

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Microdot technology for individual marking of small arthropods

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Mate-Searching Behaviour of Common and Rare Wasps and the Implications for Pollen Movement of the Sexually Deceptive Orchids They Pollinate

Mate-Searching Behaviour of Common and Rare Wasps and the Implications for Pollen Movement of the Sexually Deceptive Orchids They Pollinate

Pollination by sexual deception promotes outcrossing and mate diversity in self‐compatible clonal orchids

Taggant materials in forensic science: A review

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