Microemulsions as Media for Organic Synthesis: Selective Nitration of Phenol to ortho-Nitrophenol Using Dilute Nitric Acid

Synthesis of RDX by nitrolysis of hexamethylenetetramine in fluorous media

“…Finally, the possible role of PfOS as an emulsifying agent in microemulsion system was proposed. Microemulsion is a well-known reaction system for the nitration because of its extremely large interfacial areas [15]. PfOS is an emulsifying agent with high surfactancy and chemical stability [16].…”

Chlorination of aromatic compounds in micellar media: Regioselectivity

“…Chhatre et al [19] have reported a similar improvement in selectivity in the nitration of phenol by dilute aqueous HNO 3 in the presence of sodium di-(2-ethyl hexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT).…”

Peroxy Compounds as Eco-Friendly Catalysts for Nitration of Aromatic Compounds Using Sodium Nitrite in Aqueous Bisulfate Medium

“…To overcome these issues, several modified protocols have been developed over the years. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] One of the forefront reagents developed in direction is nitronium tetrafluoroborate, [(NO2) + (BF4) -], which has several advantages over nitric acid, apart from supplementing isolated the active nitronium ion ingredient. 3 There are several other protocols that avoided the use of sulfuric acid completely, but used small amounts of HNO3 along with other co-catalysts to accomplish nitration.…”

“…3 There are several other protocols that avoided the use of sulfuric acid completely, but used small amounts of HNO3 along with other co-catalysts to accomplish nitration. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Micelle-forming surfactants, [15][16][17] supported catalysts such as P2O5 immobilized on silica gel, 18 metalmodified montmorillonite, 19 Al(H2PO4)3 (ref. 20), and V(V) heteropolyacids 21 have also been used as efficient catalysts to synthesize nitroaromatic compounds in the presence of dilute HNO3.…”