Microemulsions for Cleaning Applications

Quintero, Lirio; Carnahan, Norman F.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-7879-3.00002-9

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Some studies have shown that microemulsions can be prepared by ternary mixtures of water, petroleum and amphiphilic solvents without surfactants (SFMEs). [20,21] Using SMFEs to clean OBDCs can not only recover the cleaning agent and petroleum after treatment but also not produce secondary pollutants, which has strong application potential. However, due to the large content of petroleum pollutants and complex composition in OBDCs, it is difficult to clearly and accurately grasp the conversion mechanism of organic matter during the use of SFMEs to clean OBDCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recovery effect of microemulsions and petroleum pollutants is poor, and there is a certain risk of secondary pollution. Some studies have shown that microemulsions can be prepared by ternary mixtures of water, petroleum and amphiphilic solvents without surfactants (SFMEs) [20,21] . Using SMFEs to clean OBDCs can not only recover the cleaning agent and petroleum after treatment but also not produce secondary pollutants, which has strong application potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conversion Mechanism of Organic Matter While Cleaning Oil‐Based Drilling Cuttings Using Surfactant‐Free Microemulsions

Li,

Yue,

Wen

et al. 2023

ChemistrySelect

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Surfactant‐free microemulsions (SFMEs) cleaning technology can effectively separate and recover petroleum pollutants from oil‐based drilling cuttings (OBDCs). The identification of the molecular composition of OBDCs is helpful to accurately grasp the conversion mechanism of organic matter. Therefore, the understanding of the mechanism of petroleum removal at the microscopic molecular level in the cleaning process needs to be further studied. The conversion mechanism of organic matter during the use of SFMEs to clean OBDCs was investigated by positive ion atmospheric pressure photoionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (+APPI FT‐ICR MS). The results show that the SFMEs cleaning technology can separate and recover CH and CHO organic matter in OBDCs, but there is still a small amount of organic matter with high molecular weight and unsaturated degree in OBDCs that has not been separated. The majority of this organic matter is CH, accounting for 91 %, and it is mainly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. A total of 255 kinds of organic matter in 110# industrial white oil were detected in the recovered oil after treatment, accounting for more than 99 % of the total, which has a certain recoverable value. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the efficient degradation of OBDCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion Mechanism of Organic Matter While Cleaning Oil‐Based Drilling Cuttings Using Surfactant‐Free Microemulsions

Li,

Yue,

Wen

et al. 2023

ChemistrySelect

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“…Hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) is widely used, especially in industrial applications, as a numerical parameter to compare the amphiphilicity of surfactants and to classify surfactants, which is defined as the product of a constant 20 and the mass fraction of the hydrophilic part of a surfactant (HLB = 20 × M h / M , M h is the molecular mass of the hydrophilic part of the surfactant, and M is the molecular mass of the whole surfactant molecule). However, it is originated from the study of emulsion stability and does not accurately correspond to a thermodynamic state and thus is quite inaccurate for microemulsion-related studies, such as formation of a three-phase behavior, the minimum of interfacial tension, the maximum solubilization in a microemulsion, and so on, which are critical for a lot of applications, including enhanced oil recovery, , cleaning, pharmaceutical , and nanomaterial preparation, , and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating Preferred Alkane Carbon Numbers of Nonionic Surfactants in Normalized Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Deviation Theory from Dissipative Particle Dynamics Modeling

Ren

Zhang

et al. 2022

J. Phys. Chem. B

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The preferred alkane carbon number (PACN) in the normalized hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLDN) theory is a numerical parameter and a transferable scale to characterize the amphiphilicity of surfactants, which is usually measured experimentally using the fish diagram or phase inversion temperature (PIT) methods, and the experimental measurement can only be applied to existing surfactants. Here, for the first time, we propose a procedure to estimate the PACN of C i E j nonionic surfactants directly from dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation. The procedure leverages the method of moment concept to quantitatively evaluate the bending tendency of nonionic surfactant monolayers by calculating the torque density. Seven nonionic surfactants, C i E j (C6E2, C6E3, C8E3, C8E4, C10E4, C12E4, and C12E5), with known PACNs are modeled. Two surfactants, C10E4 and C6E2, were first selected to train and test the interaction parameters, and the relationship between interaction parameters and torque density was mapped for the C10E4–octane–water system using the artificial neural network (ANN) fitting approach to derive the interaction parameters giving zero torque density, then the interaction parameters were tested in the C6E2–dodecane–water system to get the final tuned interaction parameters for PACN estimation. With this procedure, we reproduce the PACN values and their trend of seven nonionic surfactants with reasonable accuracy, which opens the door for quantitative comparison of surfactant amphiphilicity and surfactant classification in silico using the PACN as a transferrable scale.

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“…This includes concepts of soil removal based on three main mechanisms: roll-up, in which the system is wetted and there is a decrease of interfacial tensions; emulsification, where thermodynamically unstable suspensions are formed; and direct solubilization, characterized by the spontaneous dissolution of a substance in surfactant solution [4][5][6][7]. Although the chemistry behind cleaning mechanisms is relatively well established, the physical aspects of cleaning processes, and the relationship between the two, are yet to be fully explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tribology of Cleaning Processes

2016

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The effect of different chemistries on cleaning of hard surfaces has widely been investigated. However, a fundamental understanding of the physical aspects involved in grime removal is yet to be established. A series of surface experiments are presented in this paper to determine the mechanical properties of cleaning processes. Experimental results showed that tribology is a powerful tool to investing the mechanical forces associated with cleaning of soiled surfaces. Analysis of protein-based soil removal from stainless steel suggests that friction coefficient decreases by nearly 28 and 75% for dry and wet samples, respectively, with an increase of 8 times in the normal load. The study also indicates a reduction of the coefficient of friction with an increase in frequency due to the reduced adhesion of counterface pin material on the sample and the possible localized softening of the soil surface. Tests performed using wet samples revealed that friction coefficient significantly decreases as a consequence of the water content. The effect of load on wet samples was mainly observed for short soaking periods (5 minutes). Specimens soaked for 45 minutes showed about 84% lower friction coefficient compared to dry samples but no significant dependency on the applied load. The volume of soil removed was higher for experiments presenting lower friction coefficients. Finally, wet cleaning promoted a higher cleaning efficiency requiring less energy to remove more soil. Overall it was established that purely mechanical forces are not sufficient to complete the cleaning process. Future work investigating the relationship of these tribological aspects with the chemistry of cleaning is to be expected.

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Microemulsions for Cleaning Applications

Cited by 13 publications

References 75 publications

Conversion Mechanism of Organic Matter While Cleaning Oil‐Based Drilling Cuttings Using Surfactant‐Free Microemulsions

Conversion Mechanism of Organic Matter While Cleaning Oil‐Based Drilling Cuttings Using Surfactant‐Free Microemulsions

Estimating Preferred Alkane Carbon Numbers of Nonionic Surfactants in Normalized Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Deviation Theory from Dissipative Particle Dynamics Modeling

The Tribology of Cleaning Processes

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