“Microencapsulated” and Related Catalysts for Organic Chemistry and Organic Synthesis

Gel-type ion exchange resin stabilized Pd-Bi nanoparticles for the glycerol oxidation in liquid phase

“…Over the last years, polymeric materials having varied chemical structure of the backbone, cross-linking and functional groups, different morphology, porosity and macroscopic dimension [41][42][43][44][45] could efficiently immobilized the monometallic or the bimetallic nanoclusters, thus provide a solution to the problem with reusability without aggregation of nanoclusters and leaching of metals [46][47][48]. Despite the number of investigation in this field, there are almost missing data on the use of commercial ion exchange resin as a support for the catalytic oxidation of glycerol.…”

“…In the work of Prati et al [49] the metallic sol stabilized by tetrahydroxymethyl phosphonium chloride showed higher activity. Gross et al [46] demonstrated the effect of competitor anion which is the ion used during the support pre-treatment. Very recently, Mimura et al [51] reported nano-sized gold-palladium particles stabilized in the gel-type anion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA402BLCL) as catalyst for liquid phase oxidation of glycerol at 333 K and with the initial pressure of molecular oxygen 1.0 MPa and 0.5 MPa in a closed batch reactor and in a flow type reactor.…”

Osmium impregnated on magnetite as a heterogeneous catalyst for the syn-dihydroxylation of alkenes

“…In the last years a great effort has been made to prepare heterogeneous catalysts [7][8][9][10][11] which overcome these problems. Different supports having osmium salts in different loadings (osmium/support ratio), such as polymers (0.25-5 mol%) [12][13][14][15], silica (0.25 mol%) [16], cinchona modified silica gel (1 mol%) [17][18][19], hydrotalcites (8.5 mol%) [20,21], dendrimers (0.25-1 mol%) [22,23], polysiloxane (1 mol%) [24], imigolite (0.25 mol%) [25] fullerenes (3.8 mol %) [26], magnetically recoverable quaternary ammonium salts (2 mol%) [27], or zeolites (0.6 mol%) [28] have been reported for this purpose, as well as other strategies including microencapsulation (5 mol%) [29][30][31], ionexchange technique (0.5-2.5 mol%) [32][33][34][35], and the use of poly(ethylene glycol) (0.5 mol%) [36] or ionic liquids (0.5-2 mol%) [37,38].…”

A Palladium Wall Coated Microcapillary Reactor for Use in Continuous Flow Transfer Hydrogenation

“…The general procedure was modified from previous protocols for immobilising Pd within monolithic structures or on beads. [11,15,[18][19][20] The reactor system presented herein contrasts traditional polystyrene or silica solid sup-ports, which have a granular, bead or gel form, [7,[20][21][22][23][24] as it consists of multiple capillaries manufactured from ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH). The capillary geometry provides a known flow profile, which can be easily characterised and modelled, and does not suffer from channelling problems that are typically observed in packed bed systems.…”