Microencapsulation as a tool to counteract the typical low bioavailability of polyphenols in the management of diabetes

May Polyphenols Have a Role Against Coronavirus Infection? An Overview of in vitro Evidence

“…However, the evaluation of potential synergistic effects between different polyphenols is intriguing. Despite the different structure, indeed, polyphenols share the same chemical features, including the presence of phenolic rings with hydroxyl groups (9). Thus, it could be hypothesized that, although not directly investigated, different classes of polyphenols might exert, at least in part, similar antiviral activities, but eventually with different mechanisms of action.…”

“…Structurally, the term polyphenol refers to the presence of one or more phenolic rings with hydroxyl groups. On that bases, polyphenols can be classified into flavonoid (including anthocyanins, flavones, flavanones, flavonols, isoflavones, and flavan-3-ols), phenolic acids, polyphenolic amides, and other polyphenol compounds (including stilbenes or lignans) (9).…”

Proanthocyanidin B2 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway

“…One of the challenges related to employing PB2 as anticancer agents is the poor bioavailability, which might associate with its low water solubility, instability under the physicochemical conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the difficulty of cell membrane diffusion 48‐51 . However, some promising approaches have been proposed to enhance the bioavailability of polyphenol, mainly including (a) the structural modification, such as methylation, hydroxylethylation and amino acid substitution, to decrease the physiochemical degradation and enhance the intestinal absorption rate, 52,53 (b) bioactive carrier systems, such as phytosome/liposome vehicles, solid lipid nanoparticles, microencapsulation and nano‐graphene oxide systems, to deliver the agents to the target sites with minimal side effects, 48,54 (c) co‐administration with other dietary components, such as intestinal absorption enhancers and dietary lipids, to improve the permeability of intestinal epithelial cells, delay gastric empty and prolong bowel transit time 54,55 . We will conduct clinical studies to further investigate whether PB2 assisted with nanomaterials could facilitate its bioavailability, and thus improve its therapeutic effects on osteosarcoma patients in the future.…”

Cardioprotective Effects of Taurisolo® in Cardiomyoblast H9c2 Cells under High-Glucose and Trimethylamine N-Oxide Treatment via De Novo Sphingolipid Synthesis

“…Notably, several strategies have been developed by the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries in order to counteract this crucial concern, including microencapsulation in various coating materials. Microencapsulation, indeed, has been demonstrated to (i) protect polyphenols against degrading factors met during the transit in the gastrointestinal tract, including pH variations and digestive enzymes (increasing, thus, their bioaccessibility) and (ii) favor their absorption across the intestinal barrier (increasing their bioavailability) [ 48 ]. In this sense, Taurisolo® is a nutraceutical formulation based on grape polyphenols microencapsulated in maltodextrins.…”