Microencapsulation by Surfactant–Gelatin Insoluble Complex: Effect of pH and Surfactant Concentration

Microchannel emulsification using gelatin and surfactant-free coacervate microencapsulation

“…This observation was explained by the presence of rich gelatin in the gelatin/surfactant complex on the O/W interfaces [6]. Gelatin/surfactant complexes are able to form microcapsules in themselves [7][8][9]. However, there is a narrow concentration range for the surfactant, and that concentration strongly influences the yield of the gelatin/acacia coacervate or gelatin/surfactant complex.…”

“…However, there is a narrow concentration range for the surfactant, and that concentration strongly influences the yield of the gelatin/acacia coacervate or gelatin/surfactant complex. Several studies have shown that the yield decreases at surfactant concentrations above or below the optimum [4,6,7]. Optimization of surfactant concentration in the emulsification and coacervation process is problematic because the concentration required to obtain a fine emulsion and that to increase yield of microcapsules may be different.…”

Preparation of Microspheres by an Emulsification–Complexation Method

“…Water-insoluble skin composed of polymer and SLS is likely to be formed around water droplets, and it would maintain the integrity of the microspheres even after the microspheres are washed. Such insoluble precipitations would occur only above a certain molar ratio between the polymer and SLS and sometimes only at a specific ratio window (11). The molar ratios were not determined in this study but visible precipitates were definitely formed upon mixing 55 g of the polymer solution (9.09 wt%) and 11 g of the SLS solution (10 wt%) solution, which are the same amounts and concentrations as those employed in preparing microcapsules.…”

“…Since the residual levels of the organic solvents and the cross-linking agents may cause serious toxic problems, several methods for avoiding this toxic issue were proposed. The examples are microspheres prepared via ionic interaction between alginate and Ca 2+ (8), thermosensitive sol-gel transition (9), polymer-polymer immiscibility (10), and microcapsules prepared by complexation of gelatin and sodium dodecyl sulfate (11).…”

Application of ultrasound to microencapsulation of coconut milk fat by spray drying method

“…Other coating agents such as maltodextrin, casein or skim milk, and/or corn syrup were also used for fat microencapsulation during the spray-drying (Seow and Gwee 1997). Recently, the use of gelatin as wall material for phospholipid microencapsulation by spray drying has attracted considerable interest (Bruschi et al 2003;Gharsallaoui et al 2007;Vinetsky and Magdassi 1997;Yoshii et al 2001). Gelatin, a water-soluble material, has all the properties of an effective entrapping agent: high emulsifying activity, high stabilizing activity, and high tendency to form a fine dense network upon drying (Gharsallaoui et al 2007).…”