Microencapsulation of Flaxseed Oil by Lentil Protein Isolate-κ-Carrageenan and -ι-Carrageenan Based Wall Materials through Spray and Freeze Drying

Abstract

Lentil protein isolate (LPI)-κ-carrageenan (κ-C) and -ι-carrageenan (ι-C) based microcapsules were prepared through spray-drying and freeze-drying to encapsulate flaxseed oil in order to reach final oil levels of 20% and 30%. Characteristics of the corresponding emulsions and their dried microcapsules were determined. For emulsion properties, all LPI-κ-C and LPI-ι-C emulsions remained 100% stable after 48 h, while the LPI emulsions destabilized quickly (p < 0.05) after homogenization mainly due to low emulsion viscosity. For spray-dried microcapsules, the highest yield was attributed to LPI-ι-C with 20% oil, followed by LPI-κ-C 20% and LPI-ι-C 30% (p < 0.05). Flaxseed oil was oxidized more significantly among the spray-dried capsules compared to untreated oil (p < 0.05) due to the effect of heat. Flaxseed oil was more stable in all the freeze-dried capsules and showed significantly lower oil oxidation than the untreated oil after 8 weeks of storage (p < 0.05). As for in vitro oil release profile, a higher amount of oil was released for LPI-κ-C powders under simulated gastric fluid (SGF), while more oil was released for LPI-ι-C powders under simulated gastric fluid and simulated intestinal fluid (SGF + SIF) regardless of drying method and oil content. This study enhanced the emulsion stability by applying carrageenan to LPI and showed the potential to make plant-based microcapsules to deliver omega-3 oils.

Amelioration of nutritional properties of bakery fat using omega‐3 fatty acid‐rich edible oils: a review

“…It also has lower oxidation stability due to the porous structure of the microcapsules 39 . Flaxseed oil was reported to be more stable in all the freeze‐dried capsules and showed significantly lower oil oxidation than the untreated oil after 8 weeks of storage 55 …”

“…39 Flaxseed oil was reported to be more stable in all the freeze-dried capsules and showed significantly lower oil oxidation than the untreated oil after 8 weeks of storage. 55…”

The Development of the Antibacterial Microcapsules of Citrus Essential Oil for the Cosmetotextile Application: A Review

“…This is because the method is simple and inexpensive [24], does not require high temperatures [40] and can snare oil up to 99% [76]. However, the deficiency of this preservation is that it only occurs with a certain pH range, colloidal concentration, and limited electrolyte concentration, so the process must be under optimum conditions [30,[94][95][96]. Therefore, many researchers study factors that influence the success of microencapsulation with this method.…”

“…The development of encapsulation technology increased tremendously in the last decade to stabilize an applicable biomolecule, in particular for antimicrobial functional fabric. The necessity is relevant to the willingness of human beings to have a healthy and comfortable living environment [23,29,30]. The availability of antimicrobial functional fabric used for daily life, such as for cloths, bed sheets, underwear, or for medical purposes, such as a mask or a wound plaster, are expected [31].…”

Optimizing Encapsulation: Comparative Analysis of Spray-Drying and Freeze-Drying for Sustainable Recovery of Bioactive Compounds from Citrus x paradisi L. Peels

“…Wettability for both spray-dried powder and freeze-dried powder was evaluated using methods adapted from Zhang et al [31] and Wang et al [32], respectively. In each test, 1 g of the sampler was added to 100 mL of water at room temperature, and the time until complete dissolution or disappearance from the water's surface was recorded.…”