Microevolution in genomic short sequence repeats of <i>Candida albicans</i> in non‐neutropenic patients

Al-Aidan, Al Waleed; Goessens, W. H. F.; Toom, Nicole Lemmens-den; Al‐Ahdal, Mohammed N.; Belkum, Alex van

doi:10.1002/yea.1462

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…2). Previous studies with C. albicans strains also showed that one strain that transitioned from colonization of nonsterile sites to infection of sterile sites could be detected by changes in the short sequence repeat DNA fingerprinting patterns (1,30). Such variation may imply microevolution, which resulted in a transition from colonization to invasion status.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Assessment of Candida glabrata Strain Relatedness by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Multilocus Sequence Typing

Lin

Chen

et al. 2007

J Clin Microbiol

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In this study, 80 Candida glabrata isolates from intensive care unit and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients were typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and mating type class determination. Among the 25 patients with multiple isolates, 19 patients (76%) contained multiple isolates exhibiting identical or highly related PFGE and MLST genotypes, which may indicate the maintenance or microvariation of one C. glabrata strain in each patient. However, isolates from six patients (24%) displayed different sequence types, PFGE genotypes, or mating type classes, which may indicate colonization with more than one clone over time or strain replacement. High correlations among PFGE genotypes, sequence types, and mating types were found (P < 0.01). MLST exhibited less discriminatory power than PFGE with BssHII. The genotypes, sequence types, and mating type classes were independent of anatomic sources, drug susceptibility, and HIV infection status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Assessment of Candida glabrata Strain Relatedness by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Multilocus Sequence Typing

Lin

Chen

et al. 2007

J Clin Microbiol

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“…The main source of invasive C. albicans was confirmed to originate from the endogenous mycobiota (6,130,140,141). Indeed, identity between isolates from blood and colonized anatomical sites was almost always observed, leading to the conclusion that nosocomial transmission between patients is likely a rare event (141,142), even if an outbreak is suspected (143), although some authors have reported nosocomial transmission in hospital environments (144)(145)(146)(147)(148). MLP typing has also been used to track the origin of graft site candidiasis after kidney transplantation (149).…”

Section: Candida Yeasts Candida Albicansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if an adaptive response to a particular environment is needed, the strain may undergo microevolution (132,141,(150)(151)(152)(153). These genetic variations have been widely observed among closely related strains and are mainly associated with loss of heterozygosity (120,124,125,144). Only a few studies have reported strain replacement with a completely different type of C. albicans (131,132).…”

Section: Candida Yeasts Candida Albicansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Clinical Issues by Genotyping of Medically Important Fungi: Why and How?

et al. 2017

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Genotyping studies of medically important fungi have addressed elucidation of outbreaks, nosocomial transmissions, infection routes, and genotype-phenotype correlations, of which secondary resistance has been most intensively investigated. Two methods have emerged because of their high discriminatory power and reproducibility: multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP) using short tandem repeat (STR) markers. MLST relies on single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the coding regions of housekeeping genes. STR polymorphisms are based on the number of repeats of short DNA fragments, mostly outside coding regions, and thus are expected to be more polymorphic and more rapidly evolving than MLST markers. There is no consensus on a universal typing system. Either one or both of these approaches are now available for spp., spp., spp., spp., ,, and endemic mycoses. The choice of the method and the number of loci to be tested depend on the clinical question being addressed. Next-generation sequencing is becoming the most appropriate method for fungi with no MLP or MLST typing available. Whatever the molecular tool used, collection of clinical data (e.g., time of hospitalization and sharing of similar rooms) is mandatory for investigating outbreaks and nosocomial transmission.

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“…There is only very limited evidence suggesting possible associations of different TR-ORF alleles with different niches, such as commensalism versus disease [20]. Allele changes that are correlated with the transition from commensal to pathogen would be of great interest, not only because they would improve our understanding of this transition, but also because these could potentially assist in predicting the onset of candidiasis and thus early diagnosis of the disease, an important determinant of survival of life-threatening C .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly mutable tandem DNA repeats generate a cell wall protein variant more frequent in disease-causing Candida albicans isolates than in commensal isolates

et al. 2017

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During adaptation to host environments, many microorganisms alter their cell surface. One mechanism for doing so is variation in the number of amino acid repeats in cell surface proteins encoded by hypermutable DNA tandem repeats. In the yeast Candida albicans, an opportunistic human pathogen, the gene SSR1 encodes a GPI-anchored cell wall protein with a structural role. It contains two regions consisting of tandem repeats, almost exclusively encoding the amino acid pair Ser-Ala. As expected, the repeat regions make SSR1 highly mutable. New SSR1 alleles arose with a frequency of 1.11×10−4 per cell division in serially propagated cells. We also observed a large number (25) of SSR1 alleles with different repeat lengths in a survey of 131 isolates from a global strain collection. C. albicans is diploid, and combinations of these allele generated 41 different SSR1 genotypes. In both repeat regions, nonsynonymous mutations were largely restricted to one particular repeat unit. Two very similar allele combinations were largely restricted to one clade, clade 1. Each combination was present in ~30% of 49 infection-causing clade 1 strains, but one was rare (2%), the other absent in 46 infection-causing strains representing the remainder of the species (P < 0.00018 and 0.00004; Fisher’s exact test). These results indicate that both repeat regions are under selection and that amino acid repeat length polymorphisms generate Ssr1 protein variants most suitable for specific genetic backgrounds. One of these two allele combinations was 5.51 times more frequent, the other 1.75 times less frequent in 49 clade 1 strains that caused disease than in 36 commensal clade 1 strains (P = 0.0105; Chi2 test). This indicates that insertion and deletion of repeats not only generates clade-optimized Ssr1p variants, but may also assist in short-term adaptation when C. albicans makes the transition from commensal to pathogen.

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Microevolution in genomic short sequence repeats of Candida albicans in non‐neutropenic patients

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Assessment of Candida glabrata Strain Relatedness by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Multilocus Sequence Typing

Assessment of Candida glabrata Strain Relatedness by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis and Multilocus Sequence Typing

Investigating Clinical Issues by Genotyping of Medically Important Fungi: Why and How?

Highly mutable tandem DNA repeats generate a cell wall protein variant more frequent in disease-causing Candida albicans isolates than in commensal isolates

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