Microevolution Rate, Pattern, Process

Hendry, Andrew P.; Kinnison, Michael T.

doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0585-2

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 589 publications

(1,051 reference statements)

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“…However, it does illustrate that the response to selection on body size depends heavily on the particular ages over which selection acts and that this is driven by a combination of the size specificity of selection and the time spent at a given size. This is particularly relevant since rapid evolution of harvested populations has been widely documented (Haugen & Vøllestad, 2001;Conover & Munch, 2002;Law, 2007;Enberg et al, 2011) and tends to focus on the largest (and slowest growing) individuals in a given cohort.…”

Section: Implications For Fisheries-induced Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of harvest can lead to important, potentially irreversible, evolutionary changes in life-history characteristics (Haugen & Vøllestad, 2001;Conover & Munch, 2002;Law, 2007;Enberg et al, 2011). Fishing reduces overall survival to later life stages and typically removes larger individuals, thereby selecting for earlier maturation and smaller adult size (Law, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A function‐valued trait approach to estimating the genetic basis of size at age and its potential role in fisheries‐induced evolution

Gao

Munch

2019

Evolutionary Applications

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Natural selection is inherently a multivariate phenomenon. The selection pressure on size (natural and artificial) and the age at which selection occurs is likely to induce evolutionary changes in growth rates across the entire life history. However, the covariance structure that will determine the path of evolution for size at age has been studied in only a few fish species. We therefore estimated the genetic covariance function for size throughout ontogeny using Atlantic silversides ( Menidia menidia ) as the model system. Over a 3‐year period, a total of 542 families were used to estimate the genetic covariance in length at age from hatch through maturity. The function‐valued trait approach was employed to estimate the genetic covariance functions. A Bayesian hierarchical model was used to account for the unbalanced design, unequal measurement intervals, unequal sample sizes, and family‐aggregated data. To improve mixing, we developed a two‐stage sampler using a Gibbs sampler to generate the posterior of a well‐mixing approximate model followed by an importance sampler to draw samples from posterior of the completely specified model. We found that heritability of length is age‐specific and there are strong genetic correlations in length across ages that last 30 days or more. We used these estimates in a hypothetical model predicting the evolutionary response to harvesting following a single generation of selection under both sigmoidal and unimodal patterns of gear selectivity to illustrate the potential outcomes of ignoring the genetic correlations. In these scenarios, genetic correlations were found to have a strong effect on both the direction and magnitude of the response to harvest selection.

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Section: Implications For Fisheries-induced Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A function‐valued trait approach to estimating the genetic basis of size at age and its potential role in fisheries‐induced evolution

Gao

Munch

2019

Evolutionary Applications

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How Can Phenotypic Evolution be Characterized Over Time and Through Environmental Changes?

et al. 2022

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Rapid phenotypic evolution is observed in response to rapid environmental changes. These phenotypic variations can occur at different scales, from the population to the community. We intended to characterize these multiscale phenotypic responses in rodents from the archaeological site El Harhoura 2 (Rabat, Morocco), dated from the Late Pleistocene to the Holocene, and relate them to paleoenvironmental variations. Upper and lower first molars were used as proxies for phenotype. Their shape was quantified using a landmark-free method. To account for both intra-and interspecific variations, we used morphogroups as phenotypic units. Those morpho-groups were identified using unsupervised clustering. Three shape indicators were computed: number of morphogroups, morpho-group disparity and changes in morpho-group mean shape over time. To evaluate this little-used approach on small mammals, we compared it to three widely used biodiversity indices: number of taxa, Shannon index, and Simpson index. Phenotypic evolution between and within species was highlighted. Morpho-groups seemed to be phenotypic response units representing ecological groups that transversed species. Variations in the morpho-group mean shapes were partly related to paleoenvironmental changes; however, variations in disparity were not. Thus, environmental changes deduced from fossil microvertebrate communities did not seem to be the main determinants of the characterized phenotypic variations.

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The secondary contact phase of allopatric speciation in Darwin's finches

Grant

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

122

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Speciation, the process by which two species form from one, involves the development of reproductive isolation of two divergent lineages. Here, we report the establishment and persistence of a reproductively isolated population of Darwin's finches on the small Galá pagos Island of Daphne Major in the secondary contact phase of speciation. In 1981, an immigrant medium ground finch (Geospiza fortis) arrived on the island. It was unusually large, especially in beak width, sang an unusual song, and carried some Geospiza scandens alleles. We followed the fate of this individual and its descendants for seven generations over a period of 28 years. In the fourth generation, after a severe drought, the lineage was reduced to a single brother and sister, who bred with each other. From then on this lineage, inheriting unusual song, morphology, and a uniquely homozygous marker allele, was reproductively isolated, because their own descendants bred with each other and with no other member of the resident G. fortis population. These observations agree with some expectations of an ecological theory of speciation in that a barrier to interbreeding arises as a correlated effect of adaptive divergence in morphology. However, the important, culturally transmitted, song component of the barrier appears to have arisen by chance through an initial imperfect copying of local song by the immigrant. The study reveals additional stochastic elements of speciation, in which divergence is initiated in allopatry; immigration to a new area of a single male hybrid and initial breeding with a rare hybrid female.immigration ͉ inbreeding ͉ introgression

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Microevolution Rate, Pattern, Process

Cited by 8 publications

References 589 publications

A function‐valued trait approach to estimating the genetic basis of size at age and its potential role in fisheries‐induced evolution

A function‐valued trait approach to estimating the genetic basis of size at age and its potential role in fisheries‐induced evolution

How Can Phenotypic Evolution be Characterized Over Time and Through Environmental Changes?

The secondary contact phase of allopatric speciation in Darwin's finches

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