Microfabricated atomic frequency references

Kitching, John; Knappe, Svenja; Liew, Li-Anne; Moreland, John; Schwindt, Peter D. D.; Shah, Vishal; Gerginov, Vladislav; Hollberg, L.

doi:10.1088/0026-1394/42/3/s11

Cited by 22 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Vapor cells are commonly filled with buffer gases to decrease the rate at which polarized alkali-metal atoms collide with the cell walls. Considerable effort has been devoted to miniature vapor cells, where depolarization at the walls plays an especially important role [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical pumping and spectroscopy of Cs vapor at high magnetic field

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We have measured changes in the ground-state populations of Cs vapor induced by optical pumping at high magnetic field. The 2.7-T field of our experiments is strong enough to decouple the nuclear and electronic spins, allowing us to independently measure each population. The spatial dependence of the Cs populations in small amounts of buffer gas obeys a simple coupled diffusion model and the relative populations reveal the details of relaxation within the vapor cell. Optical pumping can produce high nuclear polarization in the Cs vapor due to perturbations of the hyperfine interaction during collisions with buffer-gas particles and depending on the pumping transition, radiation trapping can strongly influence the electronic and nuclear polarizations in the vapor.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical pumping and spectroscopy of Cs vapor at high magnetic field

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The quantitative treatment of the He buffer gas permeation through the cell walls by Camparo 13 points at the importance of the buffer gas pressure change as one of the crucial parameters to be considered, but the observed clock frequency drift could not be explained by this process. Note that all these studies [9][10][11]13,14 were performed in clock operation conditions, i.e., under conditions where the light shift, in general, is non-zero and can be a dominant contributor to the clock frequency drift. Furthermore, they could neither link the observed clock frequency drift to the intrinsic properties of the vapor cell used nor quantify the clock frequency aging in terms of the buffer gas pressure evolution inside the vapor cell.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging studies on micro-fabricated alkali buffer-gas cells for miniature atomic clocks

Abdullah

Affolderbach

Gruet

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We report an aging study on micro-fabricated alkali vapor cells using neon as a buffer gas. An experimental atomic clock setup is used to measure the cell's intrinsic frequency, by recording the clock frequency shift at different light intensities and extrapolating to zero intensity. We find a drift of the cell's intrinsic frequency of (À5.2 6 0.6) Â 10 À11 /day and quantify deterministic variations in sources of clock frequency shifts due to the major physical effects to identify the most probable cause of the drift. The measured drift is one order of magnitude stronger than the total frequency variations expected from clock parameter variations and corresponds to a slow reduction of buffer gas pressure inside the cell, which is compatible with the hypothesis of loss of Ne gas from the cell due to its permeation through the cell windows. A negative drift on the intrinsic cell frequency is reproducible for another cell of the same type. Based on the Ne permeation model and the measured cell frequency drift, we determine the permeation constant of Ne through borosilicate glass as (5.7 6 0.7) Â 10 À22 m 2 s À1 Pa À1 at 81 C. We propose this method based on frequency metrology in an alkali vapor cell atomic clock setup based on coherent population trapping for measuring permeation constants of inert gases.

show abstract