Microfabricated Silicon Mixers for Submillisecond Quench-Flow Analysis

Bökenkamp, Dirk; Desai, Amish; Yang, Xing; Tai, Yu‐Chong; Marzluff, Elaine M.; Mayo, Stephen L.

doi:10.1021/ac9708250

Cited by 109 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Several groups have relied on various micromachining techniques to construct mixers consisting of thin (~100 μm) channels, often using a simple T-arrangement. 71,75,79,84,91,123,124 A recent example is the microfluidic mixer design by Bilsel at al. 91 illustrated in Figure 3.…”

Section: Continuous-flow Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Events in Protein Folding Explored by Rapid Mixing Methods

Röder¹,

Maki²,

Latypov³

et al. 2005

Protein Folding Handbook

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Section: Continuous-flow Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Events in Protein Folding Explored by Rapid Mixing Methods

Röder¹,

Maki²,

Latypov³

et al. 2005

Protein Folding Handbook

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“…They reported no apparent shear breakage of the DNA after mixing by testing with agarose gel electrophoresis. Bökenkamp et al (1998) fabricated a silicon mixer for liquid phase chemical reactions over short durations of 110 ms. Volpert et al (1999) reported on an actively controlled micro mixer using six branched microchannels perpendicular to the main microchannel. Mixing inside the main microchannel was enhanced by introducing periodic perturbations through the side microchannels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study and nonlinear dynamic analysis of time-periodic micro chaotic mixers

et al. 2007

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The efficiency of MEMS-based time-periodic micro chaotic mixers was experimentally and theoretically investigated in this study. A time-periodic flow perturbation was realized using digitallycontrolled solenoid valves to alternately activate a source and sink, acting together as a pair, with different driving frequencies. Working fluids with and without fluorescent dye were used in the micro mixing experiments. The spatiotemporal variation of the mixing concentration during the mixing process was characterized at different Strouhal numbers, ranging from 0.03 to 0.74, under fluorescence microscopy. A simple kinematical model for the micro mixer was used to demonstrate the presence of chaotic mixing using different methods. The specific stretching rate, Lyapunov exponent, as well as local bifurcation and Poincaré section analyses were used to identify the emergence of chaos. Two different numerical methods were employed to verify that the maximum Lyapunov exponent was positive in the proposed micro mixer model. A simplified analytical analysis of the effect of Strouhal number was presented. Kolmogorov-Arnold-Mose (KAM) curves, which are mixing barriers, were also found in Poincaré sections. From a comparative study of the experimental results and theoretical analysis, a Finite-Time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) was shown to be a more practical mixing index compared to the classical Lyapunov exponent because the time spent in mixing is the main concern in practical applications, such as bio-medical diagnosis. In addition, the FTLE takes into account both fluid stretching in terms of the stretching rate and fluid folding in terms of curvature.

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“…40). These changes in colour are generally the result of chemical reactions, and as such can be very application specific, with the advantages and disadvantages that come with that.…”

Section: Quantification Of Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…40, where a T junction was used to hydrolyse phenyl chloroacetate (PCA). Results showed that the hydrolysis reaction completed within 110 s when complete mixing was achieved.…”

Section: Y/t/x Junction Channelsmentioning

confidence: 99%