Microfilariae of Mansonella ozzardi in Human Skin Biopsies *

Ewert, A.; Smith, J H; Corredor, A

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1981.30.988

Cited by 18 publications

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“…The coexistence of different species of filariae in the same individual in Amazonia has the same important epidemiological implications as in Africa (Wanji et al 2003). In Brazil, where O. volvulus and M. ozzardi are sympatric, misidentifications and errors have already been reported (Ewert et al 1981, Moraes et al 1983, Morales-Hojas et al 2001). The method previously described can only distinguish M. ozzardi from O. volvulus (Morales-Hojas et al 2001) and a negative result does not discount the presence of a mixed infection in peripheral blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Brazil, and especially in Amazonia, atypical filarial localizations in the human host make microscopic diagnosis complicated. Thus, O. volvulus microfilariae, generally present in the skin, have been detected in blood samples (Fuglsang & Anderson 1974, Duke et al 1975 and M. ozzardi microfilariae have been found in skin, although they are generally found in peripheral blood (Ewert et al 1981, Moraes et al 1983). The traditional approach of one filarial species being transmitted by a single genus of diptera fly that will then provide clues for the classification of additional filarial species no longer holds.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Nested PCR to detect and distinguish the sympatric filarial species Onchocerca volvulus, Mansonella ozzardi and Mansonella perstans in the Amazon Region

Tang

López‐Vélez

Lanza

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Nested PCR to detect and distinguish the sympatric filarial species Onchocerca volvulus, Mansonella ozzardi and Mansonella perstans in the Amazon Region

Tang

López‐Vélez

Lanza

et al. 2010

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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“…Microfilariae of Mansonella ozzardi (Manson, 1897) have been reported to occur in the skin as well as in the peripheral blood (Moraes, 1976 ;Ewert, Smith & Corredor, 1981 ;Moraes et al 1983). However, most modern and historical textbooks of parasitology or tropical medicine do not seem to recognize this, and often describe the occurrence in blood as a part of the diagnostic process (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The morphological discrimination of microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus from Mansonella ozzardi

et al. 2003

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There is no published account which allows the morphological discrimination of microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus and M. ozzardi from each other. However, they occur together in parts of Brazil and Venezuela, and presumably there is always the possibility that migration could establish new sympatric populations in the future. The objective of this study was to evaluate simple morphological characters that might be used for species-diagnosis of microfilariae. The conclusions were that the location of microfilariae in the blood or skin, the body size and the nucleation of the nerve ring are expected to be useful first indications of species identity, but cannot be used for confident diagnosis. The structure of the cephalic armature (stained with alcian blue) seems to be species specific, but is of limited application because it is often difficult to see. However, the pattern of nucleation of the tail (as expressed by the ratio of the length of the terminal nucleus compared with the length of the tail space) is distinctive and is expected to be diagnostic.

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“…8 Microfilariae may also be occasionally found in the skin of infected subjects. [9][10][11] M. ozzardi microfilariae harbor maternally transmitted bacterial endosymbionts of the genus Wolbachia, 12 with potential immunologic and therapeutic implications that have been recently reviewed elsewhere. 13 The prepatent period in human infections is unknown, but in patas monkeys the first microfilariae are detected in the bloodstream 149-186 (mean, 168) days after subcutaneous inoculation of L 3 larvae.…”

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Mansonella ozzardi: a neglected New World filarial nematode

Lima

Aybar

Juri

et al. 2016

Pathogens and Global Health

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Mansonella ozzardi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) is an understudied filarial nematode, originally described by Patrick Manson in 1897, that can be transmitted by two families of dipteran vectors, biting midges (most of them members of the genus Culicoides) and black flies (genus Simulium). With a patchy geographic distribution from southern Mexico to northwestern Argentina, human infection with M. ozzardi is highly prevalent in some of the Caribbean islands, along riverine communities in the Amazon Basin, and on both sides of the border between Bolivia and Argentina. There is no clinical entity unequivocally associated with M. ozzardi infection, although fever, arthralgia, headache, cold lower extremities, and itchy cutaneous rashes are occasionally mentioned in case report series. More recently, ocular manifestations (especially keratitis) have been associated with mansonelliasis, opening an important area of investigation. Here, we briefly review the biology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical aspects of M. ozzardi infection and point to some existing knowledge gaps, aiming to stimulate a research agenda to help filling them. IntroductionMansonella ozzardi (Nematoda: Onchocercidae) is one of the several filarial nematodes that infect humans. This relatively unknown parasite has a patchy geographic distribution across Latin America and the Caribbean, from southern Mexico to northwestern Argentina. Most infected people, regardless of the parasite density, are asymptomatic or have few symptoms. As a consequence, infections with M. ozzardi usually remain undiagnosed and untreated. Ill-defined and unspecific symptoms such as fever, arthralgia, headache, cold lower extremities, and itchy cutaneous rashes are occasionally reported by patients, but whether they are caused by M. ozzardi infection remains to be determined. Nevertheless, ocular manifestations potentially associated with mansonelliasis, especially keratitis, have attracted substantial interest from ophthalmologists in recent years. Here, we summarize key biological, epidemiological, and clinical aspects of M. ozzardi infection. We explore recent developments in pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and chemotherapy and discuss the potential public health impact of this highly prevalent but largely neglected New World parasite. Biological featuresThree filarial nematodes of the genus Mansonella are known to cause human mansonelliasis: Mansonella streptocerca, which is endemic to Africa; Mansonella perstans, which is commonly found in Africa but also occurs in South America; and M. ozzardi, which is found exclusively in the Americas and the Caribbean islands.1 Only humans appear to be naturally infected with M. ozzardi; African patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas), but not chimpanzees, rhesus, capuchin, or squirrel monkeys, are susceptible to experimental infection with this nematode. 4 Several decades later, Orihel and Eberhard described the elusive adult male and female worms recovered from experimentally infected patas monkeys. 2Natural infection with M. ...

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Microfilariae of Mansonella ozzardi in Human Skin Biopsies *

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Nested PCR to detect and distinguish the sympatric filarial species Onchocerca volvulus, Mansonella ozzardi and Mansonella perstans in the Amazon Region

Nested PCR to detect and distinguish the sympatric filarial species Onchocerca volvulus, Mansonella ozzardi and Mansonella perstans in the Amazon Region

The morphological discrimination of microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus from Mansonella ozzardi

Mansonella ozzardi: a neglected New World filarial nematode

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