Microfilaruria caused by canine dirofilariasis (Dirofilaria immitis): an unusual clinical presence

Kaewthamasorn, Morakot; Assarasakorn, Sukullaya; Niwetpathomwat, Anuchai

doi:10.1007/s00580-007-0675-1

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These results are in agreement with previous researchers, who described the renal and myopathy lesions of D. immitis in natural infested dogs in Iraq (Enaam et al, 2011), membranous glomerulonephritis in dogs infested with D. immitis in Romania (Pasca et al, 2012), D. immitis as an unusual clinical presence in Thailand (Kaewthamasorn et al, 2008), and the canine visceral leishmaniasis (vascular, hepatic and renal lesions) naturally infected by Leishmania chagasi in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Honse et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…All five dead dogs revealed respiratory distress including cough, dyspnea/ hyperpnea and syncope accompanied with weight loss, exercise tolerance weakness, fatigue, poor body condition and abdominal distension that might result from severe spontaneous thromboembolism after the natural death of many heartworms or due to treatment. These results are compatible with the previous ones (Venco et al, 2005;Kaewthamasorn et al, 2008), according to which worms that die due to treatment cause the most severe damage, including thrombosis, granulomatous inflammation, corrugated and villous inflammation. Consequently, thromboembolism might cause acute decompensation by producing or provoking pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, or pulmonary infarction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Dirofilaria immitis infestation in imported police (K-9) dogs in Iraq:

Al-Salihi¹,

Al-Dabhawi²,

Al-Rammahi³

et al. 2019

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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Dirofilaria immitis, the cause of heartworm infestation (HWI) or dirofilariasis, affects members of the Canidae and remains a worldwide clinical problem. In Iraq, dirofilariasis was believed absent until 2009, when the Karbala Governorate was reported as an endemic area for canine dirofilariasis. Consequently, this study intended to investigate the occurrence of Dirofilaria immitis in police dogs in one police academy in Iraq and to study the gross and histopathological changes in 5 dead dogs, as well as to identify the species of the causative parasite using PCR technique. Thirty-nine police dogs, aged between 6 months and 12 years were included in this study. For the microfilariae investigation, 5 ml blood samples were collected from all dogs in EDTA tubes and examined by Knott’s method. The systemic necropsy performed in five dead dogs showed severe clinical signs of dirofilariasis and tissue specimens were sent for routine histopathological processing. For the molecular analysis, adult worms of the detected Dirofilaria spp. were used for DNA extraction andamplification of the cox1 gene. Fifteen of 39 (38.46%) dogs were diagnosed with moderate to severe microfilariasis. The dead dogs revealed typical severe clinical signs of dirofilariasis. Moreover, typical gross and histopathological changes were also seen, accompanied by generalized thromboembolic lesions, suggesting the occurrence of the caval syndrome. The PCR investigation confirmed that D. immitis was the species present in Iraq. In conclusion, this study establishes that Iraq is a newly reported endemic area for dirofilariasis. Moreover, the infestation occurring in these cases most probably happened inside Iraq. The authors recommend doing further epidemiological studies concerning the occurrence of D. immitis in local dogs as well as in the imported dogs in all Iraqi governorates to better understand the epidemiological map of this disease and to introduce an active treatment and preventive program. Awareness and education regarding this disease should be provided to the veterinarians, dog guiders and people in direct contact with dogs, as this disease is one of the important zoonotic diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Dirofilaria immitis infestation in imported police (K-9) dogs in Iraq:

Al-Salihi¹,

Al-Dabhawi²,

Al-Rammahi³

et al. 2019

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although microfilaruria can occur, only few cases have been published reporting this rare finding (Kaewthamasorn et al 2008). In this way, this study reports the first case of microfilaruria by D. immitis in a dog from Brazil, confirmed by molecular techniques.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…During the adult phase, the parasites locate at the right atrium and ventricle, leading to pulmonary hypertension, myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure. Consequently, the animal develops chronic rightsided congestive heart failure (CHF) and hepatic insufficiency (Kaewthamasorn et al 2008). It implies to the most observed clinical signs, i.e., exercise intolerance, hyperpnea, respiratory distress, tachycardia, arritmia, heart murmurs and ascites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most observed hematological alterations in dogs with dirafilarioses are mild thrombocytopenia, moderate to intense nonregenerative anemia, mild leukocytosis by neutrophilia, eosinophilia and basophilia, and microfilaremia. Biochemical alterations are also common, mainly those affecting liver and kidneys, i.e., increased creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), increased ALT, ALP, GGT, bilirubin and hypoalbuminemia (Kaewthamasorn et al 2008;Venco et al 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microfilaruria by Dirofilaria immitis in a dog: a rare clinical pathological finding

et al. 2017

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A 6-year-old Labrador with history of hyperpnea, respiratory distress, ascites and paraparesis, presented microfilariae in the blood smear, cytology of the abdominal fluid and urine. The positive samples were confirmed by multiplex-PCR (COI gene) and sequencing, and presented 98% homology to (GenBank accession nos. KC107805.1, EU159111.1, EU163945.1, DQ358815.1, and AJ537512-1). Based on the presented results and the physiopathology of the heartworm disease, molecular techniques may be helpful and accurate in the diagnosis of the disease in vertebrates, and microfilaruria, even uncommon, should be considered on a renal failure evaluation.

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Examination of Urinary Sediment

Popovici¹,

Baldea²

2023

Urinalysis in the Dog and Cat

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Microfilaruria caused by canine dirofilariasis (Dirofilaria immitis): an unusual clinical presence

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Dirofilaria immitis infestation in imported police (K-9) dogs in Iraq:

Dirofilaria immitis infestation in imported police (K-9) dogs in Iraq:

Microfilaruria by Dirofilaria immitis in a dog: a rare clinical pathological finding

Examination of Urinary Sediment

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