Microfine zinc oxide (Z-Cote) as a photostable UVA/UVB sunblock agent

Mitchnick, Mark; Fairhurst, David; Pinnell, Sheldon R.

doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(99)70532-3

Cited by 178 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Since sunscreens with microfine zinc oxide (Z-cote) (Mitchnick et al, 1999) were found to contain nano-sized particles (SCCS, 2012), and micronization (pulverization of material into fine particles) of Zn is known to produce particles in or close to nano-sized range, products Z1CS (described as containing Z-cote) and Z4CS (containing micronized zinc) were included in the study. Interestingly, Z1CS was labeled as "non-nano."…”

Section: Selection Of Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release of airborne particles and Ag and Zn compounds from nanotechnology-enabled consumer sprays: Implications for inhalation exposure

Calderon

Han

McGilvery

et al. 2017

Atmospheric Environment

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The increasing prevalence and use of nanotechnology-enabled consumer products have increased potential consumer exposures to nanoparticles; however, there is still a lack of data characterizing such consumer exposure. The research reported here investigated near-field airborne exposures due to the use of 13 silver (Ag)-based and 5 zinc (Zn)-based consumer sprays. The products were sprayed into a specially designed glove box, and all products were applied with equal spraying duration and frequency. Size distribution and concentration of the released particles were assessed using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to investigate the presence of metals in all investigated products. Spray liquids and airborne particles from select products were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). We found that all sprays produced airborne particles ranging in size from nano-sized particles (<100 nm) to coarse particles (>2.5 µm); however, there was a substantial variation in the released particle concentration depending on a product. The total aerosol mass concentration was dominated by the presence of coarse particles, and it ranged from ~30 µg/m 3 to ~30,000 µg/m 3 . The TEM verified the presence of nanoparticles and their agglomerates in liquid and airborne states. The products were found to contain not only Ag and Zn compounds -as advertised on the product labeling -but also a variety of other metals including lithium, strontium, barium, lead, manganese and others. The results presented here can be used as input to model population exposures as well as form a basis for human health effects studies due to the use nanotechnology-enabled products.

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Section: Selection Of Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Release of airborne particles and Ag and Zn compounds from nanotechnology-enabled consumer sprays: Implications for inhalation exposure

Calderon

Han

McGilvery

et al. 2017

Atmospheric Environment

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“…Nano-sized ZnO particles are of particular interest in numerous applications due to performance enhancements associated with nano-dimensions (Padmavathy and Vijayaraghavan, 2008;Yamamoto, 2001). Nanoparticles of ZnO are added to some sunscreens due to the broad range of absorbance both in the UV A and B range (Mitchnick et al 1999). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by flame spray pyrolysis and characterisation protocol

et al. 2013

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This paper reports detailed characterisation of a zinc oxide (ZnO) nanopowder synthesized by a flame spray pyrolysis method. Detailed characterisation of the powder was carried out following a protocol that aims to determine key physicochemical characteristics that may affect its toxicity. Analysis by X-ray diffraction, (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and surface area measurements confirmed monophasic hexagonal wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles with a specific surface area of 59 m 2 /g. Histograms derived from TEM analysis are presented to illustrate the polydispersity within the sample; particles were elongated in the c-crystallographic direction, with average length ~ 23 nm and width ~14 nm.Dynamic light scattering (0.1 w/v % in deionised water, pH 7.4) revealed the particles were agglomerated with a modal secondary particle size of ~ 1.5 μm. Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated the presence of carbonate impurities on the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles.

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“…Nanoparticles: These are inorganic nanomaterials. They are made from metals, semiconductors and other particles that have great chemical, physical, electrical and magnetic properties e.g Quantum dots, Nanowires, Nanorods Clay nanoparticles, Titanium dioxide nanoparticles, Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Nanoparticles of yellow gold and Nanoparticles of gray Silicon [4][5][6]. Basically two kinds of Carbon nanoparticles exists-nano diamond and Carbon onions.…”

Section: Types Of Carbon Nanomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Nanotechnology in Nigeria: A Short Survey

Ejeta¹,

Ga²,

Gi³

et al. 2017

IJBSBE

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Nanotechnology, one of the foremost alternative modern technologies of the twenty-first century offers enormous benefits and opportunities through synthesis, characterization and fabrication of quite vast number of nanomaterial to solve societal immediate problems. Structured questionnaires were administered to three different industries in each of the six geo-political zones in Nigeria, a Country located in West Africa bordering the gulf of Guinea, Niger and Chad (North), Benin (West) and Cameroon (East) to determine the impact of nanotechnology. The data emanating from this study were analyzed using multiple regression analysis, correlation analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) [1] and likert 5 scales with T-test utilized in determining levels of significance. The findings are reported and discussed.

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Microfine zinc oxide (Z-Cote) as a photostable UVA/UVB sunblock agent

Cited by 178 publications

References 23 publications

Release of airborne particles and Ag and Zn compounds from nanotechnology-enabled consumer sprays: Implications for inhalation exposure

Release of airborne particles and Ag and Zn compounds from nanotechnology-enabled consumer sprays: Implications for inhalation exposure

Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by flame spray pyrolysis and characterisation protocol

Impact of Nanotechnology in Nigeria: A Short Survey

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