Microflora of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.): gastrointestinal microflora of free-living fish and effect of diet and salinity on intestinal microflora

Ringø, Einar; Strøm, Ellen

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.1994.tb00726.x

Cited by 58 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…But only isolation and identification of bacterial flora do not give a representative picture of the gut flora in the different regions of the digestive tract (Savage 1977). Therefore, more information is required on the adherent bacterial genera in the different regions of the digestive tract (Trust and Sparrow 1974, Trust et al 1979, MacDonald et al 1986, Austin and Al-Zaharani 1988, Strøm and Olafsen 1990, Westerdahl et al 1991, Ringø 1993, Ringø and Strøm 1994. In the present investigation, the presence of considerable population of bacterial flora has been found in the foregut and hindgut regions of the fish species and some of the strains exhibit amylolytic-, cellulolytic-, and proteolytic activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The fish were carefully dissected aseptically within laminar airflow on ice slabs. The digestive tract was divided into foregut and hindgut region as described by Ringø and Strøm (1994). The two regions were emptied and thoroughly rinsed five times in sterile 0.9% saline in order to remove non-adherent bacteria.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though considerable information is available regarding the intestinal microflora of homeotherms and their role in digestion, reports on the bacterial population in the gastrointestinal tract of poikilotherms, including fish, and their role in digestion are scanty. Although few reports concerning microbial enzyme production in the gastrointestinal tract of fish are available (Prejs and Blaszczyk 1977, Lindsay and Harris 1980, Lésel et al 1986, Das and Tripathi 1991, Saha and Ray 1998, Bairagi et al 2002, Saha et al 2006, information on the distribution of these enzyme-producing endosymbionts in different regions of the gut are scarce (Trust and Sparrow 1974, Sakata 1990, Mac Donald et al 1986, Ringø 1993, Ringø and and Strøm 1994.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of enzyme-producing bacteria in the digestive tracts of some freshwater fish

Mondal¹,

Roy²,

Sen³

et al. 2008

Acta Icth et Piscat

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Mondal S., Roy T., Sen S.K., Ray A.K. 2008. Distribution of enzyme-producing bacteria in the digestive tracts of some freshwater fish. Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 38 (1): 1-8.Background. The information on gut microflora in fish is scanty and there is a paucity of knowledge regarding microbial enzyme activity in fish gastrointestinal tracts. Although some information is available on the enzymeproducing bacteria in fish digestive tracts, almost nothing is known about their distribution in different regions of the gut. In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the distribution of enzyme-producing microflora in the foregut and hindgut regions of seven culturable freshwater teleosts. Materials and Methods. Isolation and enumeration of aerobic bacterial flora in the foregut and hindgut regions of the gastrointestinal tracts of seven freshwater teleosts of different feeding habits, namely rohu, Labeo rohita; catla, Catla catla; mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala; bata, Labeo bata; orange-fin labeo, Labeo calbasu; Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus; and climbing perch, Anabas testudineus, have been carried out. Microbial culture of the gut mucosa on selected nutrient media, following the enrichment culture technique, was done for bacterial isolation. Bacterial isolates were qualitatively screened on the basis of their extracellular enzyme-producing ability. The selected strains were further quantitatively assayed for amylase, cellulase and protease activities.Results. In general, bacterial population was lower in the foregut region of all the seven species of fish examined. Amylolytic strains were present in higher densities in the foregut region of orange-fin labeo and bata (12.20 × 10 3 CFU · g -1 gut tissue and 11.50 × 10 3 CFU · g -1 gut tissue, respectively) in comparison to the hindgut region. The cellulolytic population exhibited maximum densities in the hindgut region of bata (7.20 × 10 3 CFU · g -1 gut tissue) followed by the foregut region of the same fish (5.50 × 10 3 CFU · g -1 gut tissue). Amylolytic and cellulolytic bacterial flora was not detected in both the fore and hindgut regions of climbing perch. Proteolytic bacterial flora was found in all the species of fish studied and the maximum count was observed in the hindgut region of bata (13.40 × 10 3 CFU · g -1 gut tissue), orange-fin labeo (9.00 × 10 3 CFU · g -1 gut tissue), Nile tilapia (8.30 × 10 3 CFU · g -1 gut tissue) and climbing perch (7.20 × 10 3 CFU · g -1 gut tissue). Minimum count of proteolytic bacterial flora was observed in the foregut region of all the fishes studied. Peak amylase and cellulase activities were exhibited by bacterial strains isolated from the foregut of orange-fin labeo (266.43 ± 0.15 U) and the hindgut of bata (64.01 ± 0.42 U), respectively. Maximum protease activity was exhibited by a strain isolated from the hindgut region of orange-fin labeo (44.33 ± 0.09 U), followed by the strains isolated from the hindgut regions of climbing perch (32.87 ± 0.12 U), bata (29.71 ± 0.11 U), and Nile tilapia (29.46 ± 0.11 U). C...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Distribution of enzyme-producing bacteria in the digestive tracts of some freshwater fish

Mondal¹,

Roy²,

Sen³

et al. 2008

Acta Icth et Piscat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fish gut bacteria are generally related to animal-associated microbes, and marine herbivorous fish harbor communities that resemble those of other vertebrates, including gut-fermenting mammals (Mountfort et al, 2002;Sullam et al, 2012). Although community composition across fish species shows correlations with habitat salinity and feeding ecology (Ringø and Strøm, 1994;Ringø and Olsen, 1999;Sullam et al, 2012), a small number of recent surveys have provided glimpses into intraspecific variation in fish gut bacteria and have indicated that there are differences across more distantly related individuals and sampling locations and a sex-dependent effect of diet on gut microbiota (Wilson et al, 2008;Roeselers et al, 2011;Navarrete et al, 2012;Bolnick et al, 2014b). Overall, however, there are relatively few studies about fish gut microbiota, leaving open many questions regarding the symbiotic component of fish biodiversity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergence across diet, time and populations rules out parallel evolution in the gut microbiomes of Trinidadian guppies

et al. 2015

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Diverse microbial consortia profoundly influence animal biology, necessitating an understanding of microbiome variation in studies of animal adaptation. Yet, little is known about such variability among fish, in spite of their importance in aquatic ecosystems. The Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata, is an intriguing candidate to test microbiome-related hypotheses on the drivers and consequences of animal adaptation, given the recent parallel origins of a similar ecotype across streams. To assess the relationships between the microbiome and host adaptation, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize gut bacteria of two guppy ecotypes with known divergence in diet, life history, physiology and morphology collected from low-predation (LP) and high-predation (HP) habitats in four Trinidadian streams. Guts were populated by several recurring, core bacteria that are related to other fish associates and rarely detected in the environment. Although gut communities of lab-reared guppies differed from those in the wild, microbiome divergence between ecotypes from the same stream was evident under identical rearing conditions, suggesting host genetic divergence can affect associations with gut bacteria. In the field, gut communities varied over time, across streams and between ecotypes in a stream-specific manner. This latter finding, along with PICRUSt predictions of metagenome function, argues against strong parallelism of the gut microbiome in association with LP ecotype evolution. Thus, bacteria cannot be invoked in facilitating the heightened reliance of LP guppies on lower-quality diets. We argue that the macroevolutionary microbiome convergence seen across animals with similar diets may be a signature of secondary microbial shifts arising some time after host-driven adaptation.

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“…Although few reports concerning microbial enzyme production in the gastro Intestinal tract of fish are available [2], [3], [4], [5], [6]information on the distribution of these enzyme-producing endosymbiont sin different regions of the gutarescarce [7], [8], [9], [10], [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, Characterization and Optimization of Amylase Producing Micro-Organism from Gastrointestinal Tract of Catla Catla

Chovatiya¹,

Ingale²,

Rana³

et al. 2014

IJIRSET

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ABSTRACT:Fresh water dwelling fishes have scanty information on gut microflora associated with them and there is a paucity of knowledge regarding microbial enzyme activity in fish gastrointestinal tracts. Although some of the enzymes like cellulase, proteases have been reported to be associated in the gut of fish.Amylase is one of the most important enzymes known and is of great significance and contributes of about 25% of the total enzyme market. It has a number of potential applications in food, pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries. This work describes the isolation, characterisation and optimization of amylase producing micro-organisms from gastrointestinal tract ofCatla catla. Biological production of amylase by bacterial isolate PAC4 isolated from fish gut was identified to be Bacilluscereus. The maximum amylase production was reached to 92+ 3 U/ml in 48 hours of incubation.The various physico-chemical factors for optimum amylase fermentationwere found to be 3% sodium chloride concentration,37 °C temperature and pH 7.

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Microflora of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.): gastrointestinal microflora of free-living fish and effect of diet and salinity on intestinal microflora

Cited by 58 publications

References 19 publications

Distribution of enzyme-producing bacteria in the digestive tracts of some freshwater fish

Distribution of enzyme-producing bacteria in the digestive tracts of some freshwater fish

Divergence across diet, time and populations rules out parallel evolution in the gut microbiomes of Trinidadian guppies

Isolation, Characterization and Optimization of Amylase Producing Micro-Organism from Gastrointestinal Tract of Catla Catla

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