Microflora of sound-looking wood in Picea abies stems

Roll-Hansen, F.; Roll‐Hansen, Helga

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1979.tb00693.x

Cited by 46 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The role of N. fuckeliana as a wound pathogen is supported by literature [4][5][6]. However, the relatively slow disease development seen in this study questions the role it has in the top-dieback of Norway spruce.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Since the trial was conducted outdoors, some background level of N. fuckeliana infections could be expected [8]. Latent natural infections are widely reported in literature where N. fuckeliana has been isolated from wounded and healthy looking stems of Norway spruce [5,12,13,35]. Furthermore, a light rain occurred during part of the inoculation process and the temperature was under 20 • C. Mild and wet weather conditions are favorable for pathogen sporulation, dispersal, and infection of N. ditissima [33,36,37] and likely also for N. fuckeliana.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), they are visible to the naked eye. Neonectria fuckeliana has three spore states for colonizing new host trees [4][5][6], where the ascospores (sexual state) are produced inside the perithecia are likely the major dispersal propagules [4,6]. Under humid conditions, ascospores are forcibly ejected through a small opening (ostiole) on the top of the perithecia and distributed by wind.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main infection pathways are via openings such as pruning wounds, dead branches, branch stubs, or cracks due to wind or frost [4][5][6]. The infection rate of N. fuckeliana increases when large numbers of ascospores or conidia land on fresh wounds under moist weather conditions with temperatures between 15-25 • C [4,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neonectria fuckeliana has previously not behaved as an aggressive pathogen on Norway spruce in the Northern Hemisphere. In older European studies conducted on larger Norway spruce trees, N. fuckeliana was regarded as a weak pathogen or a saprophyte [5,[11][12][13]. However, the current situation with N. fuckeliana in Finland [2,3], the other Nordic countries [14], and in Northern Ireland (Richard O'Hanlon personal communication) [15] indicates that changes have taken place.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathogenicity of Neonectria fuckeliana on Norway Spruce Clones in Sweden and Potential Management Strategies

Pettersson

Talgø

Frampton

et al. 2018

Forests

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Abstract:The fungus Neonectria fuckeliana has become an increasing problem on Norway spruce (Picea abies) in the Nordic countries during recent years. Canker wounds caused by the pathogen reduce timber quality and top-dieback is a problem for the Christmas tree industry. In this study, four inoculation trials were conducted to examine the ability of N. fuckeliana to cause disease on young Norway spruce plants and determine how different wound types would affect the occurrence and severity of the disease. Symptom development after 8-11 months was mainly mild and lesion lengths under bark were generally minor. However, N. fuckeliana could still be reisolated and/or molecularly detected. Slow disease development is in line with older studies describing N. fuckeliana as a weak pathogen. However, the results do not explain the serious increased damage by N. fuckeliana registered in Nordic forests and Christmas tree plantations. Potential management implications, such as shearing Christmas trees during periods of low inoculum pressure, cleaning secateurs between trees, and removal and burning of diseased branches and trees to avoid inoculum transfer and to keep disease pressure low, are based on experiments presented here and experiences with related pathogens.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Pathogenicity of Neonectria fuckeliana on Norway Spruce Clones in Sweden and Potential Management Strategies

Pettersson

Talgø

Frampton

et al. 2018

Forests

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Literatur

1999

Die Entwicklung Von Wald‐Biozönosen Nach Sturmwurf

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Invasion of wood by basidiomycetous fungi. IV. Microbiological approach to the role of kratovirulence in the expression of pathovirulence

Gramss

1987

J. Basic Microbiol.

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Thirty one members of a phytophatologicaly relevant choice of wood‐destorying basidiomycetous fungi WBF) that range from early pathogens to late saprophytes were exposed to each other in dual culture tests in nearly all possible combinations. Patogens in general dispose of the patho‐virulence (PV) capacity to grow in standing host wood in spite of the tre's live defence responses. Their lackin kratovirulence (KV, competitive saprophytic ability), however, excludes them from colonizing downed host wood as they fail to repress and kill its heavily antagonistic microflora. In contrast, saprophytes can control the antagonistic mixed population in dead wood. Their lack poor microbial antagonism. In recent understory‐tree inoculations one group of pathogens colonized stem wood through drill holes which were pre‐infected with antagonistic competitors while another group died back under the pressure of tree defense responses and/or microbial angagonism. The dual culture tests between model organisms such as WBF do not help decide whether this dieback is actually caused by microbial antagonoms. A final decision can only be drived. With a certain probability, from dual cultures between WBF and the original competitor microroganims of standing timber, for it is shown that the competive ability of a WBF against individuals of groups of deputy microbia is extremely seleective (SCA, selective competitive ability). This ability of one organism to overgrow others was expressed in a competition figure. Top competition figures against other WBF are found among pathogens that normally fail to control mixed microbial populations. Minimum competition figures are surprisingly found in the late saprophytes which excellently compete with mixed microbial populations. Among the 14 WBF with low competition figure only 21% cause severe symptom expression in artifically inoculated standing timber, while among the 17 WBF with high competition figure, 59% induce considerable stem deecay. This comparison strongly suggests that the expression of pathovirulence in living wood is at least in part supported by a minimum level of kratovirulence.

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Microflora of sound-looking wood in Picea abies stems

Cited by 46 publications

References 3 publications

Pathogenicity of Neonectria fuckeliana on Norway Spruce Clones in Sweden and Potential Management Strategies

Pathogenicity of Neonectria fuckeliana on Norway Spruce Clones in Sweden and Potential Management Strategies

Literatur

Invasion of wood by basidiomycetous fungi. IV. Microbiological approach to the role of kratovirulence in the expression of pathovirulence

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