Microfloral Characterization of the Tongue Coating and Associated Risk for Pneumonia‐Related Health Problems in Institutionalized Older Adults

Takeshita, Toru; Tomioka, Mikiko; Shimazaki, Yoshihiro; Matsuyama, Miwa; Koyano, Kiyoshi; Matsuda, Koichi; Yamashita, Yoshihisa

doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02867.x

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The subjects were a subgroup of the population analyzed in our previous study (31). Of the 11 hospitals or nursing homes in the previous study, we selected two hospitals and one nursing home that had sufficient numbers of both tube-fed and orally fed bedridden patients; this study enrolled 98 bedridden elderly residents aged 65 and over (12 men and 86 women; mean age, 86.4 Ϯ 6.9 years).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sample collection and DNA extraction from each sample were performed in our previous study (31). Tongue-coating samples were collected by scraping from the base to the tip of the tongue dorsum with a sterile plastic spatula (Muddler; Nihon Dixie, Yokohama, Japan), and DNA was extracted from each sample.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCR was performed using the KOD DNA polymerase (Toyobo, Osaka, Japan) and cycling conditions of 98°C for 2 min followed by 30 cycles of 98°C for 15 s, 60°C for 20 s, and 75°C for 30 s. The 16S rRNA gene amplicons were gel purified using a Wizard SV gel and PCR purification kit (Promega, Madison, WI). Digestion with the restriction enzyme HaeIII and electrophoresis were performed as described previously (31). The 98 T-RFLP profiles containing the electropherogram data were aligned using two different fluorescent dyes (6-FAM and HEX) per subject.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ethics committee of the Kyushu University Faculty of Dental Science approved this study and the procedure for obtaining informed consent. The clinical condition of each subject was evaluated using previously described criteria (31).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, opportunistic bacteria could be critical etiologic agents in compromised elderly adults. Recently, we found that the global composition of the tongue microbiota is associated with the risk of pneumonia-related health problems in older adults by using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, which is a culture-independent community-fingerprinting approach (31). The current study examined the rough composition of the tongue microbiota of bedridden elderly adults by using T-RFLP and in a subset of the subjects in more detail by using bar-coded pyrosequencing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enteral Tube Feeding Alters the Oral Indigenous Microbiota in Elderly Adults

Takeshita

Yasui

Tomioka

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Enteral tube feeding is widely used to maintain nutrition for elderly adults with eating difficulties, but its long-term use alters the environment of the oral ecosystem. This study characterized the tongue microbiota of tube-fed elderly adults by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene. The terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) profiles of 44 tube-fed subjects were compared with those of 54 subjects fed orally (average age, 86.4 ؎ 6.9 years). Bar-coded pyrosequencing data were also obtained for a subset of the subjects from each group (15 tube-fed subjects and 16 subjects fed orally). The T-RFLP profiles demonstrated that the microbiota of the tube-fed subjects was distinct from that of the subjects fed orally (permutational multivariate analysis of variance [perMANOVA], P < 0.001). The pyrosequencing data revealed that 22 bacterial genera, including Corynebacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Fusobacterium, were significantly more predominant in tube-fed subjects, whereas the dominant genera in the subjects fed orally, such as Streptococcus and Veillonella, were present in much lower proportions. Opportunistic pathogens rarely detected in the normal oral microbiota, such as Corynebacterium striatum and Streptococcus agalactiae, were often found in high proportions in tube-fed subjects. The oral indigenous microbiota is disrupted by the use of enteral feeding, allowing health-threatening bacteria to thrive.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Enteral Tube Feeding Alters the Oral Indigenous Microbiota in Elderly Adults

Takeshita

Yasui

Tomioka

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Tongue coating frequency and its colonization by yeasts in chronic kidney disease patients

Pieralisi

Mendonca

Negri

et al. 2016

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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The objective of this study was to investigate tongue coating (TC) frequency and its colonization by yeasts in a group of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Clinical examination of the oral mucosa of 33 CKD patients was performed to investigate oral and tongue lesions. TC was diagnosed according to its clinical characteristics. Stimulated saliva and TC samples were collected to verify the salivary flow, and determine yeast frequency, species and counts. TC was found in 18/33 of the patients (54.55 %) and was the most frequent oral lesion found. Of 18 patients with TC, 13 (72.22 %) presented positive cultures for yeasts on the tongue dorsum, and one (5.55 %) in the saliva only. Yeasts were significantly more frequent in the tongue dorsum when compared to the saliva (p = 0.0106). The most frequent yeast species found was C. albicans (55.55 %), while C. parapsilosis comprised 50 % of non-albicans Candida species. This study demonstrated high amounts of yeasts on the cultures from TC samples of CKD patients, strongly suggesting that TC is a clinical representation of a polymicrobial biofilm, which could serve as a gateway for disseminated infection in immunosuppressed patients undergoing frequent hospitalization.

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Reliability, Accuracy, and Use Frequency of Evaluation Methods for Amount of Tongue Coating

Kim

Nam

2018

Chin. J. Integr. Med.

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The high prevalence of the specificative method would continue in clinical practice because of its convenience and accuracy. However, to establish higher reliability, the limitation of the subjectivity of the assessors should be overcome through calibration training. In the computerized method, novel algorithms are needed to obtain a higher accuracy so that it can help the practitioners confidently estimate the amount of TC.

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Microfloral Characterization of the Tongue Coating and Associated Risk for Pneumonia‐Related Health Problems in Institutionalized Older Adults

Abstract: The comprehensive microfloral profile of the tongue coating is closely related to pneumonia-related health problems in institutionalized older adults.

Cited by 31 publications

References 23 publications

Enteral Tube Feeding Alters the Oral Indigenous Microbiota in Elderly Adults

Enteral Tube Feeding Alters the Oral Indigenous Microbiota in Elderly Adults

Tongue coating frequency and its colonization by yeasts in chronic kidney disease patients

Reliability, Accuracy, and Use Frequency of Evaluation Methods for Amount of Tongue Coating

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