Microfluidic approaches for <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> research

Levine, Erel; Lee, Kyung Suk

doi:10.1080/19768354.2020.1837951

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 57 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…K-means clustering can be further utilized in future research to better understand the specific morphological characteristics of a phenotype. Additional parameters such as egg and larvae size, volume and locomotion can also enhance the phenotypic descriptions ( Chung et al, 2020 ; Levine and Lee, 2020 ; Yemini et al, 2013 ). More extensive analyses dealing with many strains may lead to the formation of subgroups within a particular phenotype.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Characterization of small, dumpy, and long Phenotypes in Caenorhabditis elegans

Cho

Choi

Kim

et al. 2021

Molecules and Cells

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The determinant factors of an organism's size during animal development have been explored from various angles but remain partially understood. In Caenorhabditis elegans, many genes affecting cuticle structure, cell growth, and proliferation have been identified to regulate the worm's overall morphology, including body size. While various mutations in those genes directly result in changes in the morphological phenotypes, there is still a need for established, clear, and distinct standards to determine the apparent abnormality in a worm's size and shape. In this study, we measured the body length, body width, terminal bulb length, and head size of mutant worms with reported Dumpy (Dpy), Small (Sma) or Long (Lon) phenotypes by plotting and comparing their respective ratios of various parameters. These results show that the Sma phenotypes are proportionally smaller overall with mild stoutness, and Dpy phenotypes are significantly stouter and have disproportionally small head size. This study provides a standard platform for determining morphological phenotypes designating and annotating mutants that exhibit body shape variations, defining the morphological phenotype of previously unexamined mutants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Characterization of small, dumpy, and long Phenotypes in Caenorhabditis elegans

Cho

Choi

Kim

et al. 2021

Molecules and Cells

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“…Compared with conventional methods and commercial sorters, microfluidic methods have different degrees of improvement, mainly in terms of functionality, manipulation, sensitivity and precision, throughput, cost, and personnel, as shown in Table 1 . Over the last 2 decades, the demand for high throughput and the advances in miniaturized analytical techniques, highly accurate sorting, and high automation fashion have accelerated microfluidics’ usage in C. elegans sorting techniques [ 88 , 89 ].…”

Section: Microfluidic Sorting Of C Elegans and Dev...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Microfluidic-Assisted Caenorhabditis elegans Sorting: Current Status and Future Prospects

Yuan

Duan

et al. 2023

Cyborg Bionic Syst

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Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans ) has been a popular model organism for several decades since its first discovery of the huge research potential for modeling human diseases and genetics. Sorting is an important means of providing stage- or age-synchronized worm populations for many worm-based bioassays. However, conventional manual techniques for C. elegans sorting are tedious and inefficient, and commercial complex object parametric analyzer and sorter is too expensive and bulky for most laboratories. Recently, the development of lab-on-a-chip (microfluidics) technology has greatly facilitated C. elegans studies where large numbers of synchronized worm populations are required and advances of new designs, mechanisms, and automation algorithms. Most previous reviews have focused on the development of microfluidic devices but lacked the summaries and discussion of the biological research demands of C. elegans , and are hard to read for worm researchers. We aim to comprehensively review the up-to-date microfluidic-assisted C. elegans sorting developments from several angles to suit different background researchers, i.e., biologists and engineers. First, we highlighted the microfluidic C. elegans sorting devices' advantages and limitations compared to the conventional commercialized worm sorting tools. Second, to benefit the engineers, we reviewed the current devices from the perspectives of active or passive sorting, sorting strategies, target populations, and sorting criteria. Third, to benefit the biologists, we reviewed the contributions of sorting to biological research. We expect, by providing this comprehensive review, that each researcher from this multidisciplinary community can effectively find the needed information and, in turn, facilitate future research.

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“…C. elegans is a versatile model with a powerful genetics due to many advantages such as easy lab maintenance, a large brood size with approximately 300 offspring within a reproductive cycle of only three days and the short lifespan of three weeks in a typical culture condition, and practically no ethical concerns ( Meneely et al, 2019 ). Therefore, C. elegans has been widely used to study various questions asking principles in biological sciences and human diseases ( Chung et al, 2020 ; Kim et al, 2019 ; Lee et al, 2021a ; Levine and Lee, 2020 ).…”

Section: Hervs In Transgenic Animal Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Endogenous Retroviruses as Gene Expression Regulators: Insights from Animal Models into Human Diseases

Durnaoglu

Lee

Ahnn

2021

Molecules and Cells

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The human genome contains many retroviral elements called human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), resulting from the integration of retroviruses throughout evolution. HERVs once were considered inactive junk because they are not replication-competent, primarily localized in the heterochromatin, and silenced by methylation. But HERVs are now clearly shown to actively regulate gene expression in various physiological and pathological conditions such as developmental processes, immune regulation, cancers, autoimmune diseases, and neurological disorders. Recent studies report that HERVs are activated in patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the current pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. In this review, we describe internal and external factors that influence HERV activities. We also present evidence showing the gene regulatory activity of HERV LTRs (long terminal repeats) in model organisms such as mice, rats, zebrafish, and invertebrate models of worms and flies. Finally, we discuss several molecular and cellular pathways involving various transcription factors and receptors, through which HERVs affect downstream cellular and physiological events such as epigenetic modifications, calcium influx, protein phosphorylation, and cytokine release. Understanding how HERVs participate in various physiological and pathological processes will help develop a strategy to generate effective therapeutic approaches targeting HERVs.

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Microfluidic approaches for Caenorhabditis elegans research

Cited by 15 publications

References 57 publications

Morphological Characterization of small, dumpy, and long Phenotypes in Caenorhabditis elegans

Morphological Characterization of small, dumpy, and long Phenotypes in Caenorhabditis elegans

Microfluidic-Assisted Caenorhabditis elegans Sorting: Current Status and Future Prospects

Human Endogenous Retroviruses as Gene Expression Regulators: Insights from Animal Models into Human Diseases

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