Microfluidic Soil Nutrient Detection System: Integrating Nitrite, pH, and Electrical Conductivity Detection

Vehicular emissions cause heavy metal pollution and exert negative impacts on environment and roadside vegetation. Wild plants growing along roadsides are capable of absorbing considerable amounts of heavy metals; thus, could be helpful in reducing heavy metal pollution. Therefore, current study inferred heavy metal absorbance capacity of some wild plant species growing along roadside. Four different wild plant species, i.e., Acacia nilotica L., Calotropis procera L., Ricinus communis L., and Ziziphus mauritiana L. were selected for the study. Leaf samples of these species were collected from four different sites, i.e., Control, New Lahore, Nawababad and Fatehabad. Leaf samples were analyzed to determine Pb2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Mn2+ and Fe3+ accumulation. The A. nilotica, Z. mauritiana and C. procera accumulated significant amount of Pb at New Lahore site. Similarly, R. communis and A. nilotica accumulated higher amounts of Mn, Zn and Fe at Nawababad and New Lahore sites compared to the rest of the species. Nonetheless, Z. mauritiana accumulated higher amounts of Ni at all sites compared with the other species included in the study. Soil surface contributed towards the uptake of heavy metals in leaves; therefore, wild plant species should be grown near the roadsides to control heavy metals pollution. Results revealed that wild plants growing along roadsides accumulate significant amounts of heavy metals. Therefore, these species could be used to halt the vehicular pollution along roadsides and other polluted areas.

show abstract

“…The pH of the soil was determined by using a pH meter. The EC of soil was determined by using an EC meter [ 70 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal accumulation by roadside vegetation and implications for pollution control

Altaf

Altaf²,

Hussain

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The DLW-photolithography-based IDE sensor demonstrates better LOQ and LOD but the inkjet printing-based IDE sensor offers a rapid and low-cost fabrication. Both sensors can effectively quantify nitrite in water with good repeatability up to 1 ppm, which is three times lower than the WHO recommended limiting value of 3 ppm for potable water [ 30 , 34 ]. To analyze selectivity of both the sensors for nitrite detection and quantification, tap water was spiked with known concentrations of nitrite solution and samples were subjected to testing using the developed IDEs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IDEs have been employed for the detection of various components and contaminants in water, including salinity and ions [ 24 , 33 ]. Nitrite is also a contaminant found in water obtained from unchecked sources which, when consumed in excess via contaminated water sources, can have adverse effects on humans [ 34 , 35 ]. In this context, nitrite detection has been demonstrated as a possible application for fabricated IDEs in this work.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Inkjet-Printed Miniaturized Interdigitated Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing of Nitrite and Taste Stimuli

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper reports on single step and rapid fabrication of interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) using an inkjet printing-based approach. A commercial inkjet-printed circuit board (PCB) printer was used to fabricate the IDEs on a glass substrate. The inkjet printer was optimized for printing IDEs on a glass substrate using a carbon ink with a specified viscosity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz was employed for chemical sensing applications using an electrochemical workstation. The IDE sensors demonstrated good nitrite quantification abilities, detecting a low concentration of 1 ppm. Taste simulating chemicals were used to experimentally analyze the ability of the developed sensor to detect and quantify tastes as perceived by humans. The performance of the inkjet-printed IDE sensor was compared with that of the IDEs fabricated using maskless direct laser writing (DLW)-based photolithography. The DLW–photolithography-based fabrication approach produces IDE sensors with excellent geometric tolerances and better sensing performance. However, inkjet printing provides IDE sensors at a fraction of the cost and time. The inkjet printing-based IDE sensor, fabricated in under 2 min and costing less than USD 0.3, can be adapted as a suitable IDE sensor with rapid and scalable fabrication process capabilities.

show abstract

“…The developed micro pattern was used as a mold for obtaining the microchannel. Using soft-lithography techniques 66 , 67 , polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was mixed thoroughly in a 10:1 ratio of silicone elastomer to the curing agent and was degassed in a desiccator. The degassed mixture was then poured onto the mold and was kept in a hot air oven at 65 °C for 2 h for curing.…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Droplet-based lab-on-chip platform integrated with laser ablated graphene heaters to synthesize gold nanoparticles for electrochemical sensing and fuel cell applications

Srikanth

Dudala

Jayapiriya

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Controlled, stable and uniform temperature environment with quick response are crucial needs for many lab-on-chip (LOC) applications requiring thermal management. Laser Induced Graphene (LIG) heater is one such mechanism capable of maintaining a wide range of steady state temperature. LIG heaters are thin, flexible, and inexpensive and can be fabricated easily in different geometric configurations. In this perspective, herein, the electro-thermal performance of the LIG heater has been examined for different laser power values and scanning speeds. The experimented laser ablated patterns exhibited varying electrical conductivity corresponding to different combinations of power and speed of the laser. The conductivity of the pattern can be tailored by tuning the parameters which exhibit, a wide range of temperatures making them suitable for diverse lab-on-chip applications. A maximum temperature of 589 °C was observed for a combination of 15% laser power and 5.5% scanning speed. A LOC platform was realized by integrating the developed LIG heaters with a droplet-based microfluidic device. The performance of this LOC platform was analyzed for effective use of LIG heaters to synthesize Gold nanoparticles (GNP). Finally, the functionality of the synthesized GNPs was validated by utilizing them as catalyst in enzymatic glucose biofuel cell and in electrochemical applications.

show abstract

Microfluidic Soil Nutrient Detection System: Integrating Nitrite, pH, and Electrical Conductivity Detection

Cited by 51 publications

References 25 publications

Heavy metal accumulation by roadside vegetation and implications for pollution control

Heavy metal accumulation by roadside vegetation and implications for pollution control

Rapid Inkjet-Printed Miniaturized Interdigitated Electrodes for Electrochemical Sensing of Nitrite and Taste Stimuli

Droplet-based lab-on-chip platform integrated with laser ablated graphene heaters to synthesize gold nanoparticles for electrochemical sensing and fuel cell applications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About