Microfocused Beam SAXS and WAXS Mapping at the Crack Tip and Fatigue Crack Propagation in Natural Rubber

Demassieux, Quentin; Berghezan, Daniel; Creton, Costantino

doi:10.1007/12_2020_79

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The crack-growth dynamics in elastomers is generally studied using two approaches: quasi-static and cyclic crack propagation. The effect of SIC on crack growth has been investigated mainly by cyclic crack tests, which measure the crack growth as the increase in crack length per cycle. ,,− The tests revealed that SIC near the crack tip significantly improved fatigue properties. In static crack tests, the steady-state crack-growth velocity ( V ) is measured after the crack is triggered on a prestretched elastomer (Figure a). , Zhang et al observed the pronounced effects of SIC on the Mode-I crack growth in the stretched NR sheets depending on the dimensional ratio ( R ; R = l x / l y where l x and l y are the dimensions in the crack growth direction and its normal direction, respectively).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Strain-Induced Crystallization on Fast Crack Growth in Stretched cis-1,4-Polyisoprene Rubber

et al. 2022

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cis-1,4-Polyisoprene (IR) elastomers harden via strain-induced crystallization (SIC) when the imposed stretch (λ) exceeds the onset value of SIC (λ*). We investigate the Mode-I fast crack growth in the IR sheets as a function of λ in a pure shear geometry. The steady-state crack velocity (V) increases with increasing λ, and V exceeds the shear wave speed of sound at λ > λs. Further stretch beyond λ* (>λs) causes SIC-driven hardening, resulting in a pronounced increase in V. The characteristics of the crack-tip strain field are also significantly influenced by the SIC-driven hardening: The crack-tip opening displacement increases with increasing λ at λ < λ* but exhibits an abrupt reduction beyond λ*. The crack-tip singularity and the area of strain increment caused by the crack growth change discontinuously around λ*. The abrupt variations in these crack-tip characteristics result from the considerable differences in the mechanical properties prior to the crack growth between the entirely amorphous state at λ < λ* and the partially crystallized state at λ > λ*.

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confidence: 99%

Impact of Strain-Induced Crystallization on Fast Crack Growth in Stretched cis-1,4-Polyisoprene Rubber

et al. 2022

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“…Prior work, employing wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) with a narrow incident beam, confirmed the occurrence of SIC near crack tips in pre-notched NR samples under both static (46,47) and dynamic (31,44,45) loads. These studies showed that the SIC region expands several hundred micrometers from the crack tip in the neat and carbon-black filled NR specimens (31, 44 47).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…They reported that a decrease in crosslink density expanded the SIC zone, while a rise in temperature or an increasing thermal aging time led to a reduction in crystallinity around a crack tip. Some researchers (12,31,44) utilized digital image correlation (DIC) (48) to characterize the non-uniform strain field surrounding the crack tip, debating the relationship with the spatial distributions of SIC properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unraveling non-uniform strain-induced crystallization near a crack tip in natural rubber

Urayama,

Mai,

Yasui

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Strain-induced crystallization (SIC) in natural rubber near crack tips significantly enhances crack growth resistance, but understanding the interplay between local strain field and crystallization remains challenging due to confined and heterogeneous characteristics. Using micro-scale digital image correlation and scanning wide-angle X-ray diffraction (with a narrow 10 µm square beam), this study maps local strain tensor properties and SIC in the vicinity of the crack tip and its peripheral zone (approximately 3 x 1 mm area). The analysis reveals a significant correlation between these properties, with the spatial distribution of the local principal strain axis influencing crystal orientation. Crucially, the maximum tensile component in the tensor of local principal strains predominantly dictates local crystallinity, irrespective of strain biaxiality. This finding paves the way for predicting crystallinity distribution using solely strain field data, offering valuable insights into the role of SIC in enhancing the crack growth resistance of natural rubber.

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“…[15][16][17][18][19][20] The SIC near the crack tip was revealed by investigations using the micro-beam wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) technique. 21,22 However, many aspects of the reinforcement effects via SIC remain to be quantified. The reinforcement effect via SIC is expected to have an upper limit for each ambient temperature (T) and imposed strain rate ( _ e) (designated as T* and _ e*, respectively), because the crystal has a melting temperature and SIC is a kinetic event.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition of rupture mode of strain crystallizing elastomers in tensile edge-crack tests

2023

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Microfocused Beam SAXS and WAXS Mapping at the Crack Tip and Fatigue Crack Propagation in Natural Rubber

Cited by 9 publications

References 29 publications

Impact of Strain-Induced Crystallization on Fast Crack Growth in Stretched cis-1,4-Polyisoprene Rubber

Impact of Strain-Induced Crystallization on Fast Crack Growth in Stretched cis-1,4-Polyisoprene Rubber

Unraveling non-uniform strain-induced crystallization near a crack tip in natural rubber

Transition of rupture mode of strain crystallizing elastomers in tensile edge-crack tests

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