Microgeographic variation in metabolic rate and energy storage of brown trout: countergradient selection or thermal sensitivity?

Álvarez, David; Cano, José M.; Nicieza, Alfredo G.

doi:10.1007/s10682-006-0004-1

Cited by 63 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…In fact, snails from the highest latitude exhibited a greater overall growth rate than their counterparts from lower latitudes. This kind of countergradient response in growth rates has been found in other ectotherms at both intra-and inter-specific levels (Schultz et al, 1996;Conover and Present, 1990;Álvarez et al, 2006;Niewiarowski and Angilletta, 2008;Fangue et al, 2009;Conover and Schultz, 1995;Yamahira and Conover, 2002). Such a pattern suggests that the evolutionary response to short growing seasons and long winters at high latitudes favours genotypes with the capacity for rapid summer growth (Yamahira and Conover, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…This latitudinal compensation should allow faster growth in populations from highlatitude habitats relative to their counterparts from lower latitudes when compared at a common temperature (Levins, 1969;Conover and Schultz, 1995;Schultz et al, 1996;Álvarez et al, 2006;Yamahira and Conover, 2002). However, our results evidenced a lack of differences in the energetic costs of maintenance (measured as SMR) among populations of the land snail C. aspersum raised in a common-garden experiment after three generations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

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Is there metabolic cold adaptation in terrestrial ectotherms? Exploring a latitudinal compensation using a common garden experiment of the invasive snailCornu aspersum

Gaitán‐Espitía

Nespolo

2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Lower temperatures, extreme seasonality and shorter growing seasons at higher latitudes are expected to cause a decline in metabolic rates and annual growth rates of ectotherms. If a reduction in the rates of these biological processes involves a reduction in fitness, then organisms may evolve compensatory responses for the constraints imposed by high-latitude habitats. To test the existence of a latitudinal compensation in ectotherms, we used a common-garden experiment to investigate the extent to which the level of energy turnover (measured as standard metabolic rate, SMR) and the energy budget (energy allocation to growth) are affected by climatic constraints in three populations of the land snail Cornu aspersum, distributed across a latitudinal gradient of 1300 km in Chile. Our results did not support the existence of a latitudinal compensation in metabolic rates (metabolic cold adaptation). However, there was a countergradient variation (CnGV) for growth rate in which the highest latitudinal population exhibited greater growth rates than their counterparts from lower latitudes. Surprisingly, this CnGV pattern was accompanied by a lower apparent dry-matter digestibility, which could highlight a differential assimilation of ingested nutrients into somatic tissue, revealing enhanced growth efficiency in snails from the highest latitudinal habitat. Our evidence highlights that adjustments in energy allocation to the digestive machinery and to protein storage could act as a latitudinal compensation for enhanced growth efficiency in snails from the highest latitudinal population.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Is there metabolic cold adaptation in terrestrial ectotherms? Exploring a latitudinal compensation using a common garden experiment of the invasive snailCornu aspersum

Gaitán‐Espitía

Nespolo

2014

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…For instance, the fact that species whose slopes are outside of the predicted range all occur at relatively low temperatures is consistent with the metabolic cold adaptation hypothesis; that is, cold-adapted populations tend to have higher metabolic rates than warm-adapted populations (36), reducing the slope of the apparent temperature-log(lifespan) relationship. Moreover, temperature compensation is thought to evolve in response to size-dependent winter mortality (37,38) and several of the species with significantly flatter slopes (e.g., Coregonus clupeaformis, Clupea harengus) do, in fact, exhibit this type of winter mortality (39,40). Another relevant outlier is Stizostedion canadense for which there appeared to be a significant interaction between temperature and mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal variation in lifespan within species is explained by the metabolic theory of ecology

Munch

Salinas

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

174

165

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Many ectotherms exhibit striking latitudinal gradients in lifespan. However, it is unclear whether lifespan gradients in distantly related taxa share a common mechanistic explanation. We compiled data on geographic variation in lifespan in ectotherms from around the globe to determine how much of this intraspecific variation in lifespan may be explained by temperature using the simple predictions of the metabolic theory of ecology. We found that the metabolic theory accurately predicts how lifespan varies with temperature within species in a wide range of ectotherms in both controlled laboratory experiments and free-living populations. After removing the effect of temperature, only a small fraction of species showed significant trends with latitude. There was, however, considerable residual intraspecific variation indicating that other, more local factors are likely to be important in determining lifespan within species. These findings suggest that, given predicted increases in global temperature, lifespan of ectotherms may be substantially shortened in the future.any phenotypic traits covary with latitude, particularly among ectotherms. For instance, relative to individuals from low latitudes, high-latitude individuals tend to have higher growth rates and larger body size (1, 2), produce larger eggs (3), have relatively shorter extremities (4), and more vertebrae (5). Lifespan also varies with latitude in a wide variety of ectotherms. For example, lifespan increases with latitude in the yellow clam (Mesodesma mactroides) (6), oegopsin squid (suborder Oegospina) (7), and many fish species (8-11). One example is particularly striking: pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera) found in Spain (43°N) have maximum lifespans of 29 years, whereas those in Russia (66°N) live nearly 200 years (12, 13). The purpose of our study is to determine whether this ubiquitous geographical variation in lifespan has a common physiological basis in temperature.Temperature has long been known to influence lifespan (14, 15). For example, Drosophila melanogaster from Brazil raised at 31.2°C lived up to 29 days, whereas flies from the same population reared at 12°C lived up to 247 days (16). Although the temperature-lifespan relationship has been known for nearly a century, most of our knowledge on this relationship is derived from laboratory experiments on short-lived invertebrates (e.g., 17). Studies on natural variation in lifespan with temperature have largely been limited to cross-taxa comparisons (18,19). As a consequence, the role of temperature in controlling geographic variation in lifespan within species is unclear. It is easy to imagine how geographic variation in the abundance of predators, availability of resources, fluctuations in environmental conditions, and local adaptation might obscure any relationship between temperature and lifespan in wild populations.The metabolic theory of ecology (MTE) (20) has been used to link metabolism to a wide range of physiological and macroecological processes. Growth trajectories and l...

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“…The first pump moved fresh water into the chambers while the second pump recirculated water past the oxygen sensor that recorded readings every 30 s. All oxygen sensors were calibrated to 0% O 2 using sodium-sulfite-treated water and 100% O 2 using fully aerated water [41]. We submerged all chambers, tubing, and pumps in a large 180-gallon sump full of UV-sterilized water [42]. In order to add predator kairomones for the low and high risk exposure treatments, we added predatory fish directly to the respirometer holding sump: one fish in 75 gallons of water for low risk and three fish in 75 gallons of water for high risk.…”

Section: Phase 2 Exposure Trialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training for Translocation: Predator Conditioning Induces Behavioral Plasticity and Physiological Changes in Captive Eastern Hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis) (Cryptobranchidae, Amphibia)

Kenison

Williams

2018

Diversity

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Translocations are stressful, especially when captive animals are naïve to natural stimuli. Captive eastern hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis) identify predatory fish as threats, but may be more vulnerable to predation and stress because of inexperience with them. We investigated the use of predator conditioning to prepare hellbenders, behaviorally and physiologically, for the presence of a common predator, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). We reared hellbenders for 30 d with and without continuous exposure to largemouth bass kairomones and heterospecific alarm cues and found conditioned hellbenders became less active compared to unconditioned individuals (p = 0.017). After conditioning, we exposed hellbenders to water, a low concentration of kairomones, or a high concentration of kairomones in a closed respirometer system. We measured activity within respirometer chambers and routine metabolic rate. We found unconditioned hellbenders exposed to low and high concentrations of kairomones were 41% and 119% more active than conditioned animals (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001). Moreover, conditioned individuals had on average 6.5% lower metabolic rates across all three kairomone concentrations compared to unconditioned individuals (p = 0.017). Our data suggest that predator conditioning induces behavioral avoidance tactics and physiological changes that could improve future translocation efforts for hellbenders and other imperiled species.

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Microgeographic variation in metabolic rate and energy storage of brown trout: countergradient selection or thermal sensitivity?

Cited by 63 publications

References 49 publications

Is there metabolic cold adaptation in terrestrial ectotherms? Exploring a latitudinal compensation using a common garden experiment of the invasive snailCornu aspersum

Is there metabolic cold adaptation in terrestrial ectotherms? Exploring a latitudinal compensation using a common garden experiment of the invasive snailCornu aspersum

Latitudinal variation in lifespan within species is explained by the metabolic theory of ecology

Training for Translocation: Predator Conditioning Induces Behavioral Plasticity and Physiological Changes in Captive Eastern Hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis) (Cryptobranchidae, Amphibia)

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