Microgeographical and Ecological Distribution of Colour Morphs of Botryllus schlosseri (Ascidiacea)

Sabbadin, Armando; Graziani, G.

doi:10.1038/213815b0

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Other reports of spatial association of similar B. schlosseri genotypes over scales of less than a few meters support the conclusion that limited dispersal produces associations of related individuals in other populations (Sabbadin and Graziani, 1967;Sabbadin, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

LIMITED DISPERSAL AND PROXIMITY‐DEPENDENT MATING SUCCESS IN THE COLONIAL ASCIDIAN BOTRYLLUS SCHLOSSERI

Grosberg

1987

Evolution

110

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Abstract. -Although the propagules of many sessile organisms have the capacity to disperse over large distances, dispersal is often spatially restricted. In this paper, I document, using a combination of mark/recapture techniques and histocompatibility assays, dispersal distance of the planktonic larvae of the sessile, colonial sea squirt Botryllus schlosseri. Both of these methods indicate that most larvae remain within a meter of their birthplace. Such limited dispersal should lead to increased matings among relatives, and the potential for inbreeding depression. However, the success of: 1) fertilization, 2) embryogenesis, and 3) larval metamorphosis all decrease as distance between mated colonies increases. The spatial scale over which this decrease in mating success occurs is concordant with the estimates of dispersal distance based on the larval mark/recapture data and histocompatibility assays. Taken together, these results imply that inbreeding depression is not a necessary consequence of limited dispersal and consanguineous matings in B. schlosseri.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

LIMITED DISPERSAL AND PROXIMITY‐DEPENDENT MATING SUCCESS IN THE COLONIAL ASCIDIAN BOTRYLLUS SCHLOSSERI

Grosberg

1987

Evolution

110

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“…G͞SCP is also an important phenomenon in nature as we show by genetic examination of the tissues of 10 chimeras [initially identified by a color polymorphism (22)], collected from a marina in Monterey, California. The number of genetically distinct colonies forming these chimeras was either two or three.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic and germ cell parasitism in a colonial ascidian: Possible role for a highly polymorphic allorecognition system

Stoner

Weissman

1996

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

154

105

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Here we demonstrate in laboratory and field experiments that both somatic cell and (more importantly) germ-line parasitism are a common occurrence in fused chimeras. These experiments support the tenet in Buss's hypothesis that germ cell and somatic cell parasitism can occur in fused chimeras and that a somatic appearance may mask the winner of a gametic war. They also provide an interesting challenge to develop formulas that describe the inheritance of competing germ lines rather than competing individuals. The fact that fused B. schlosseri have higher rates of GCP than unfused colonies additionally provides a rational explanation for the generation and maintenance of a high degree of Fu͞HC polymorphism, largely limiting GCP to sibling offspring.

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“…Since then, it has experienced repeated taxonomic revisions owing to extensive colour polymorphism [41]. As a result, multiple synonymies are available (Ascidiacea World Database, http://www.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multilocus genetic analyses differentiate between widespread and spatially restricted cryptic species in a model ascidian

2012

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Elucidating the factors that shape species distributions has long been a fundamental goal in ecology and evolutionary biology. In spite of significant theoretical advancements, empirical studies of range limits have lagged behind. Specifically, little is known about how the attributes that allow species to expand their ranges and become widespread vary across phylogenies. Here, we studied the ascidian Botryllus schlosseri, a worldwide invasive species that is also characterized by marked genetic subdivision. Our study includes phylogenetic and population genetic data based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes, as well as polymorphic microsatellites for B. schlosseri colonies sampled from the southern and northern coasts of Europe and the eastern and western coasts of North America. We demonstrate that this wellknown model organism comprises three highly divergent and probably reproductively isolated cryptic species (A, D and E), with two more (B and C) being suggested by data retrieved from GenBank. Among these, species A, recovered in all of the surveyed regions, is by far the most common and widespread. By contrast, species B -E, occurring mostly in sites from northern Europe, are considerably more geographically restricted. These findings, along with inferences made on transport opportunity, suggest that divergent evolutionary histories promoted differences in invasive potential between B. schlosseri sibling species, indicating that attributes that facilitate dramatic shifts in range limits can evolve more easily and frequently than previously thought. We propose environmental disturbance as a selective force that could have shaped the evolution of invasiveness in the B. schlosseri complex.

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Microgeographical and Ecological Distribution of Colour Morphs of Botryllus schlosseri (Ascidiacea)

Cited by 20 publications

References 3 publications

LIMITED DISPERSAL AND PROXIMITY‐DEPENDENT MATING SUCCESS IN THE COLONIAL ASCIDIAN BOTRYLLUS SCHLOSSERI

LIMITED DISPERSAL AND PROXIMITY‐DEPENDENT MATING SUCCESS IN THE COLONIAL ASCIDIAN BOTRYLLUS SCHLOSSERI

Somatic and germ cell parasitism in a colonial ascidian: Possible role for a highly polymorphic allorecognition system

Multilocus genetic analyses differentiate between widespread and spatially restricted cryptic species in a model ascidian

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