2019
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184467
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Microglial Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Phenotypes Are Modulated by Translocator Protein Activation

Abstract: A key role of the mitochondrial Translocator Protein 18 KDa (TSPO) in neuroinflammation has been recently proposed. However, little is known about TSPO-activated pathways underlying the modulation of reactive microglia. In the present work, the TSPO activation was explored in an in vitro human primary microglia model (immortalized C20 cells) under inflammatory stimulus. Two different approaches were used with the aim to (i) pharmacologically amplify or (ii) silence, by the lentiviral short hairpin RNA, the TSP… Show more

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Cited by 69 publications
(69 citation statements)
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“…Differential secretion of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines could also be modulated by TSPO ligands and genetic knockdown. This was underpinned by mitochondrial ROS modulation, and NF-κB pathway expression, thereby underscoring TSPO in the mitochondrial processes of inflammatory responses [82]. Similarly, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of mouse primary microglia resulted in increased TSPO expression in M1 microglia, though not in IL-4 treated M2 microglia.…”
Section: Microglial Tspo Expression and Modulation By Tspo Ligandsmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…Differential secretion of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines could also be modulated by TSPO ligands and genetic knockdown. This was underpinned by mitochondrial ROS modulation, and NF-κB pathway expression, thereby underscoring TSPO in the mitochondrial processes of inflammatory responses [82]. Similarly, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of mouse primary microglia resulted in increased TSPO expression in M1 microglia, though not in IL-4 treated M2 microglia.…”
Section: Microglial Tspo Expression and Modulation By Tspo Ligandsmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…TSPO silencing in human microglial C20 cells resulted in a more inflamed phenotype and increased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, exposure of C20 cells to the TSPO ligand XBD173 attenuated the neuroinflammatory response [ 92 ]. Notably, TSPO mRNA expression was increased after stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines.…”
Section: Role Of Tspo In Hallmarks Of Gbmmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Notably, TSPO mRNA expression was increased after stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. These observations were accompanied by modulation of mitochondrial ROS and activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway which could then stimulate TSPO expression during the inflammatory response [ 92 ] and could link inflammation to another hallmark, namely cellular energetics.…”
Section: Role Of Tspo In Hallmarks Of Gbmmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Increased TSPO expression of TSPO occurs when microglia are activated during neuroinflammation, therefore making it be regarded as a neuroinflammatory marker. TSPO can both reduce and increase the release of pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines, respectively, considering TSPO’s homeostatic function associated with neurodegeneration and neuroinflammatory responses 35 …”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%