Microgrid Protection

Oudalov, Alexandre; Degner, T.; and, Frank van Overbeeke; Yarza, Jose Miguel

doi:10.1002/9781118720677.ch04

Cited by 14 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…North American microgrids have been growing in number in an effort to provide more reliable grid connectivity to our communities, and they have played an important role in supplying uninterrupted energy to utilities' customers in blackout situations. Microgrids can be operated in grid‐connected or islanded modes, and they are designed based on different protection schemes to enhance their reliability, resilience, and power quality 2‐5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection schemes used in North American microgrids

Piesciorovsky

Smith

Ollis

2020

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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Summary This study reviewed existing conventional and nonconventional protection schemes for grid‐connected and islanded mode operations in North American microgrid projects. The microgrid projects investigated in this study used different types of distributed energy resources (DERs) and integrated hydropower/diesel generators, gas/steam/wind turbines, and photovoltaic systems with energy storage. In this work, conventional protection schemes were defined as those within the IEEE Standard C37.2‐2008, whereas nonconventional schemes were those not defined within this standard. The pros and cons of conventional and nonconventional protection schemes were discussed in detail. The overvoltage, undervoltage, and frequency elements were the most common conventional protection schemes applied in microgrid projects in North America. These protection elements were used to detect the islanded conditions and faults that could not be sensed by overcurrent relays because of small fault currents contributed by low‐inertia DERs and power‐electronic sources. Directional overcurrent elements were used to distinguish between external (grid) and internal (microgrid) faults. Adaptive protection was the most popular nonconventional protection scheme applied to the microgrid projects. In conclusion, different types of DERs and operational modes must be considered in order to address the protection and control challenges of each microgrid and to obtain the best technical and economical solution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection schemes used in North American microgrids

Piesciorovsky

Smith

Ollis

2020

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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“…Growing concern for climate change and carbon emissions (such as, EU's plan for low-carbon economy by 2050 [1,2]) has directed the research focus towards the development and integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to reduce fossil fuel usage and to enhance future energy sustainability. The EU's framework plans to cut carbon emissions to 80-95% by 2050 and proposed to accomplish at least 27% renewable energy usage by 2030 [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This results in the evolution of the concept of smart grids to reduce operational cost, enhance efficiency and improve the resilience of power networks. With the development of smart grids, integration of distributed renewable resources at distribution level along with local loads and possible storages is forming a new structure characterized as Microgrids [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System Configuration, Fault Detection, Location, Isolation and Restoration: A Review on LVDC Microgrid Protections

et al. 2019

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Low voltage direct current (LVDC) distribution has gained the significant interest of research due to the advancements in power conversion technologies. However, the use of converters has given rise to several technical issues regarding their protections and controls of such devices under faulty conditions. Post-fault behaviour of converter-fed LVDC system involves both active converter control and passive circuit transient of similar time scale, which makes the protection for LVDC distribution significantly different and more challenging than low voltage AC. These protection and operational issues have handicapped the practical applications of DC distribution. This paper presents state-of-the-art protection schemes developed for DC Microgrids. With a close look at practical limitations such as the dependency on modelling accuracy, requirement on communications and so forth, a comprehensive evaluation is carried out on those system approaches in terms of system configurations， fault detection, location, isolation and restoration.

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“…S TEMMING from the different operation modes and the diversity of generation technologies, the protection of a microgrid can be challenging [1]. Traditional relaying schemes for distribution systems may fail to protect a microgrid, particularly if converter-interfaced renewable distributed generations (DGs), such as photovoltaic DGs (PVDGs), are involved, as is often the case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fault Type Classification in Microgrids Including Photovoltaic DGs

Hooshyar

El-Saadany

Sanaye‐Pasand

2016

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

148

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Protective devices of smart and fault-resilient microgrids are not expected to trip the healthy phases during unbalanced short-circuits. Thus, some utilities and relay manufacturers have started contemplating single-and double-pole tripping for distribution systems. Selective phase tripping demands fault type classification. This paper reveals that existing industrial methods misidentify the fault type in microgrids that include photovoltaic distributed generations (DGs). Due to interface similarities, this paper pertains to systems with type IV wind DGs as well. Two new classifiers proposed in this paper determine the fault type accurately for not only microgrids with photovoltaic DGs, but for any three-phase system. With low computational burden, they require only local information and operate successfully for high resistance faults. Furthermore, these techniques are not affected by the system imbalance and different DG power factors over disturbances.

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Microgrid Protection

Cited by 14 publications

References 6 publications

Protection schemes used in North American microgrids

Protection schemes used in North American microgrids

System Configuration, Fault Detection, Location, Isolation and Restoration: A Review on LVDC Microgrid Protections

Fault Type Classification in Microgrids Including Photovoltaic DGs

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