Microgrid Service Restoration: The Role of Plugged-in Electric Vehicles

Abstract

The development of the Microgrid concept endows distribution networks with increased reliability and resilience and offers the adequate management and control solution for massive deployment of microgeneration and Electric Vehicles. Within a Microgrid, local generation can be exploited to launch a local restoration procedure following a blackout. Electric Vehicles are flexible resources that can also be actively included in the restoration procedure, thus contributing to improve Microgrid operating conditions. The feasibility of Microgrid service restoration, including the active participation of Electric Vehicles, is demonstrated in this work through extensive numerical simulation and experimentally in a laboratorial setup.

Validating a centralized approach to primary frequency control with series-produced electric vehicles

“…Most of the time (typically about 90%) they are plugged into a charging post and can, in principle, provide fast-regulating power in both directions, or just modulate the charging power. A noticeable amount of literature has already been written supporting this statement [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Coordinated control of three-phase AC and DC type EV–ESSs for efficient hybrid microgrid operations

“…A coordinated control is presented in [18] for frequency regulation only by incorporating large scale EVs through monitoring and controlling of the area control signal (ACS). The role of EVs in microgrid service restoration by black starting is explored in [19]. This paper [19] has also explored the active power sharing capability using conventional droop control.…”

“…The role of EVs in microgrid service restoration by black starting is explored in [19]. This paper [19] has also explored the active power sharing capability using conventional droop control. However, the conventional droop control mechanism is not able to provide enough damping to stabilize the voltage and frequency in islanded microgrids.…”

Centralized control of parallel connected power conditioning system in electric vehicle charge–discharge and storage integration station

“…Large-scale utilization of EVs has the potential to reduce greenhouse gases emission, save fuel cost for EV drivers, enhance power system security, and increase penetration of renewable energy [5][6][7]. The development of the microgrid concept endows distribution networks with increased reliability and resilience and offers an adequate management and control solution for massive deployment of renewable energy generation and EVs [8][9][10]. EVs are considered as both a new type of load and flexible generation resources with vehicle-togrid (V2G) technology.…”