Microgrooves and Microrugosities in Titanium Implant Surfaces: An In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

Abstract

The physical characteristics of an implant surface can determine and/or facilitate osseointegration processes. In this sense, a new implant surface with microgrooves associated with plus double acid treatment to generate roughness was evaluated and compared in vitro and in vivo with a non-treated (smooth) and double acid surface treatment. Thirty disks and thirty-six conical implants manufactured from commercially pure titanium (grade IV) were prepared for this study. Three groups were determined, as described below: Group 1 (G1), where the samples were only machined; group 2 (G2), where the samples were machined and had their surface treated to generate roughness; and test group 3 (G3), where the samples were machined with microgrooves and the surface was treated to generate the roughness. For the in vitro analysis, the samples were submitted to scanning microscopy (SEM), surface profilometry, the atomic force microscope (MFA) and the surface energy test. For the in vivo analyses, thirty-six implants were placed in the tibia of 9 New Zealand rabbits in a randomized manner, after histological and histomorphometric analysis, to determine the level of contact between the bone and implant (BIC%) and the bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO%) inside of the threads. The data collected were statistically analyzed between groups (p < 0.05). The in vitro evaluations showed different roughness patterns between the groups, and the G3 group had the highest values. In vivo evaluations of the BIC% showed 50.45 ± 9.57% for the G1 group, 55.32 ± 10.31% for the G2 group and 68.65 ± 9.98% for the G3 group, with significant statistical difference between the groups (p < 0.0001). In the BAFO% values, the G1 group presented 54.97 ± 9.56%, the G2 group 59.09 ± 10.13% and the G3 group 70.12 ± 11.07%, with statistical difference between the groups (p < 0.001). The results obtained in the evaluations show that the surface with microgrooves stimulates the process of osseointegration, accelerating the healing process, increasing the contact between the bone and the implant and the area of new bone formation.

Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Implant Surface: An In Vitro Study

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Can changes in implant macrogeometry accelerate the osseointegration process?: An in vivo experimental biomechanical and histological evaluations

“…Then, the slices obtained were fixed and submitted to a polishing treatment with a sequence of abrasive paper (180 to 1200 mesh) in a polishing machine (Polipan-U, Panambra Zwick, São Paulo, Brazil). All slices were stained with picrosirus hematoxylin staining technique [28]. A sequential series of images were obtained in a light optical microscopy (Nykon E200, Tokyo, Japan) of the contact between the bone and implant (%BIC) and, these images were analyzed.…”

Sandblasted and Acid Etched Titanium Dental Implant Surfaces Systematic Review and Confocal Microscopy Evaluation

“…The implants have characteristics related to the materials with which they are made and to their geometry, macroscopic and microscopic. The material normally used is commercially pure titanium, this material has characteristics of biocompatibility, low density, electrochemical stability, high mechanical strength and sufficient rigidity [23,24,25,26,27,28,29]. The macroscopic implant geometries evaluate macroscopic differences in the shape of dental implants.…”