Microhabitat use, not temperature, regulates intensity of Gyrodactylus cichlidarum long-term infection on farmed tilapia—Are parasites evading competition or immunity?

Rubio‐Godoy, Miguel; Muñoz‐Córdova, Germán; Garduño‐Lugo, Mario; Salazar-Ulloa, Martha; Mercado-Vidal, Gabriel

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.040

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Mucosal immunity, a cocktail of cellular innate, humoral innate and adaptive immune components, is particularly important in an aquatic environment [52], and for fish managing gyrodactylid infections [53]. For instance, G. cichlidarum aggregate away from tilapia host fins with high mucous cell density [54], and inhibition of mucous cell discharge increases salmon susceptibility to G. derjavani [55]. Upregulation of muc2 in infected PSD fish is consistent with an immune response against gyrodactylid infection, but downregulation in infected PLD fish suggests that these individuals are unable to mount the necessary response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prior exposure to long-day photoperiods alters immune responses and increases susceptibility to parasitic infection in stickleback

et al. 2020

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Seasonal disease and parasitic infection are common across organisms, including humans, and there is increasing evidence for intrinsic seasonal variation in immune systems. Changes are orchestrated through organisms' physiological clocks using cues such as day length. Ample research in diverse taxa has demonstrated multiple immune responses are modulated by photoperiod, but to date, there have been few experimental demonstrations that photoperiod cues alter susceptibility to infection. We investigated the interactions among photoperiod history, immunity and susceptibility in laboratory-bred three-spined stickleback (a long-day breeding fish) and its external, directly reproducing monogenean parasite Gyrodactylus gasterostei . We demonstrate that previous exposure to long-day photoperiods (PLD) increases susceptibility to infection relative to previous exposure to short days (PSD), and modifies the response to infection for the mucin gene muc2 and Treg cytokine foxp3a in skin tissues in an intermediate 12 L : 12 D photoperiod experimental trial. Expression of skin muc2 is reduced in PLD fish, and negatively associated with parasite abundance. We also observe inflammatory gene expression variation associated with natural inter-population variation in resistance, but find that photoperiod modulation of susceptibility is consistent across host populations. Thus, photoperiod modulation of the response to infection is important for host susceptibility, highlighting new mechanisms affecting seasonality of host–parasite interactions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prior exposure to long-day photoperiods alters immune responses and increases susceptibility to parasitic infection in stickleback

et al. 2020

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“…Variations in microhabitat use are known, with some species changing microhabitats over time. For example, G. cichlidarum apparently migrate anteriorly from the caudal fin, ending up on the pectoral fin (Rubio-Godoy et al 2012), whereas some gyrodactylids exhibit marked site specificity (topographical specialization) (Bakke et al 2007). For instance, G. turnbulli prefers the caudal region of guppies, while G. bullatarudis has been found mostly on the head and mouth (Rubio-Godoy et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, G. cichlidarum apparently migrate anteriorly from the caudal fin, ending up on the pectoral fin (Rubio-Godoy et al 2012), whereas some gyrodactylids exhibit marked site specificity (topographical specialization) (Bakke et al 2007). For instance, G. turnbulli prefers the caudal region of guppies, while G. bullatarudis has been found mostly on the head and mouth (Rubio-Godoy et al 2012). Gyrodactylus malalai has been reported only from the fins of O. niloticus and T. zillii from Lake Turkana (Přikrylová et al 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasite communities of the elongate tigerfish Hydrocynus forskahlii (Cuvier 1819) and redbelly tilapia Tilapia zillii (Gervais 1848) from Lake Turkana, Kenya: influence of host sex and size

Otachi

Szostakowska

Jirsa

et al. 2014

Acta Parasitologica

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Fish is an important food source for an estimated 300,000 people inhabiting the shores of Lake Turkana, Kenya. Despite its large size (7560 km2) and importance, the lake remains one of the least studied in the Great Lakes Region of Africa. This study describes the parasite community of the elongate tigerfish Hydrocynus forskahlii (Cuvier, 1819) and the redbelly tilapia Tilapia zillii (Gervais, 1848). A total of 87 individuals (43 H. forskahlii and 44 T. zillii) were dissected and examined for parasites. Two taxa infected H. forskahlii, the dominant one being an anisakid nematode Contracaecum sp. (L3) (P = 83.7%, mean intensity (MI) = 46.0, abundance (A) = 38.5). Twelve parasite taxa were recovered from T. zillii, with metacestodes of the gryporhynchid cestode Amirthalingamia macracantha being dominant (P = 79.5, MI = 10.3, A = 8.2). This was the first report of a mixture of merocercoids and plerocercoids in the same host. Fish size was positively correlated with the major parasite infection levels, but, the prevalence of Contracaecum sp. in H. forskahlii was negatively correlated with size, probably reflecting ontogenetic shifts in habitats and diets with age. Fish sex was not a significant influencing factor, with the exception of Contracaecum sp. in H. forskahlii, where prevalence differed significantly between sexes (p<0.05), with the females having a higher prevalence than the males. We conclude that H. forskahlii had a poor parasitic community but that the infection levels with Contracaecum sp. were high. T. zillii had a rich parasite fauna, although, most parasites occurred at low intensities.

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“…Importantly, some studies indicate that gyrodactylid microhabitat use in terms of competition and parasite density may drive transmission events (see Rubio-Godoy et al ., 2012). Increases in parasite infrapopulations appear to result in gyrodactylids occupying sites that promote transmission (Mo, 1997; Harris, 1988), but more studies are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission dynamics of ectoparasitic gyrodactylids (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea): An integrative review

2022

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Parasite transmission is the ability of pathogens to move between hosts. As a key component of the interaction between hosts and parasites, it has crucial implications for the fitness of both. Here, we review the transmission dynamics of Gyrodactylus species, which are monogenean ectoparasites of teleost fishes and a prominent model for studies of parasite transmission. Particularly, we focus on the most studied host–parasite system within this genus: guppies, Poecilia reticulata, and G. turnbulli/G. bullatarudis. Through an integrative literature examination, we identify the main variables affecting Gyrodactylus spread between hosts, and the potential factors that enhance their transmission. Previous research indicates that Gyrodactylids spread when their current conditions are unsuitable. Transmission depends on abiotic factors like temperature, and biotic variables such as gyrodactylid biology, host heterogeneity, and their interaction. Variation in the degree of social contact between hosts and sexes might also result in distinct dynamics. Our review highlights a lack of mathematical models that could help predict the dynamics of gyrodactylids, and there is also a bias to study only a few species. Future research may usefully focus on how gyrodactylid reproductive traits and host heterogeneity promote transmission and should incorporate the feedbacks between host behaviour and parasite transmission.

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Microhabitat use, not temperature, regulates intensity of Gyrodactylus cichlidarum long-term infection on farmed tilapia—Are parasites evading competition or immunity?

Cited by 13 publications

References 49 publications

Prior exposure to long-day photoperiods alters immune responses and increases susceptibility to parasitic infection in stickleback

Prior exposure to long-day photoperiods alters immune responses and increases susceptibility to parasitic infection in stickleback

Parasite communities of the elongate tigerfish Hydrocynus forskahlii (Cuvier 1819) and redbelly tilapia Tilapia zillii (Gervais 1848) from Lake Turkana, Kenya: influence of host sex and size

Transmission dynamics of ectoparasitic gyrodactylids (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea): An integrative review

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