Microhardness of different esthetic restorative materials: Evaluation and comparison after exposure to acidic drink

Abstract

Background:Acidic beverages, such as soft drinks (orange juice and cola), can produce erosion of resin composites. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of immersion in acidic drink on the Vickers microhardness (VK) of different esthetic restorative materials (one nanohybrid Ormocer-based composite, one nanoceramic composite, one nanofilled composite, and one microfilled hybrid composite).Materials and Methods:In this in vitro study, thirty specimens of each esthetic restorative material were divided into three subgroups (n = 10): specimens of group 1 were used as control, specimens of group 2 were immersed in 50 ml of acidic drink for 1 day, specimens of group 3 were immersed in 50 ml of acidic drink for 7 days. Data were analyzed by Shapiro–Wilk test to assess the normality of the distributions followed by nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance and Mann–Whitney U-test comparison test among groups. A significant level of α = 0.05 was set for comparison between the groups.Results:Mann–Whitney U-test showed that each material showed lower microhardness values after immersion in acidic solution (P < 0.05). Paired t-test confirmed that microhardness for each composite did not change after immersion in distilled water (Control group) (P > 0.05). Significant changes were registered for all restorative materials after immersion in acidic solution for 1 day and 7 days (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The Filtek Supreme XTE, a nanofilled composite, and Admira Fusion, a nanohybrid ormocer-based composite, showed the best behavior. The Ceram X Universal (nanoceramic composite) although reached lower hardness values than the previous materials, but resisted well to the 1 week immersion in soft-drink. Finally, the Gradia Direct achieved the most disappointing results: Low microhardness values are justified by the nature of its filling (microfilled hybrid composite).

Evaluation of the Impact of Acidic Drink on the Microhardness of Different Esthetic Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Study

“…10 In this study, higher surface microhardness was demonstrated by nanohybrid ormocer-based composite (Admira Fusion, Voco, Cuxhaven, Germany) compared to nanoceramic composite (Ceram X Universal) and Glasiosite compomer (VOCO). Unlike the results obtained by this study, Poggio et al 11 found an initial hardness of 57 HV associated with nanoceramic composite (Ceram X Universal) (less than this study, and the initial values of Admira); however, it can avoid acid attack effectively. Lastly, good initial value of microhardness was shown by the nanohybrid ormocer-based composite (Admira Fusion) and it did not display a significant loss of microhardness after being soaked in soft drink for a week.…”

Mechanical Characterization of Two Dental Restorative Materials after Acidic Challenge

“…Karaman et al [22] reported a decrease in microhardness of Filtek Supreme XTE TM after a 15-day challenge with Coke ® , as well as Gupta et al [23], who reported a decrease in microhardness of different restorative materials (composites, compomers and glass ionomers) after a 10 min/day immersion in Coke ® for 56 days. Poggio et al [24] also immersed four different composites in Coke ® and orange juice for 1 and 7 days, and a significant decrease in microhardness was also registered for all the groups. Silva et al [4] tested the effect of three different alcoholic beverages on three composite resin materials and also reported a decrease in microhardness after a 30 day immersion in beer.…”

Effect of Energy Drinks on the Inorganic Composition of a Composite Resin Material

“…when modified, has consequences such as: lower mechanical resistance, increased roughness, biofilm accumulation, surface degradation and marginal infiltration, which also supports the importance of studies evaluating the acid challenge in the resin load, as it is directly associated with mechanical properties [4,[6][7][8][9][10][11]. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the inorganic content of a nanoparticulate composite resin solubilizes in the face of the acid challenge of two similar pH energy drinks, at different immersion times.…”

“…The hydrophilic characteristics of the resin matrix influence the degree of water sorption and, therefore, acidic drinks can impair the surface integrity of the composite resins, aesthetically and physically, tending to cause erosion on the surface of material, and this degradation is related to the content and distribution of inorganic fillers [2,3]. Energy drinks are widely consumed, mainly by athletes, to promote well-being and better physical performance, due to the presence of components such as coffee, taurine and glucuronolactone [4][5][6]. However, the presence of citric acid, high sugar content and low pH of its composition are harmful to teeth and restorations, if consumed routinely [6,7].…”