Microindentation and differential scanning calorimetry of “liquid wood”

Nedelcu, Dumitru; Ciofu, C.; Lohan, Nicoleta Monica

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.05.024

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Cicala et al [208] found that the component which makes ARBOFORM® a thermoplastic is PLA. This result is strongly corroborated by the DSC thermograms of 'Liquid Wood' [183,208,209] showing the glass transition and the cold crystallization of PLA. Therefore, we can conclude that ARBOFORM® is actually a PLA/lignin blend reinforced with hemp, flax or other natural fibers.…”

Section: Fig 18 Audioquest® Nighthawk Headphones With Earcups Made supporting

confidence: 59%

Polymer/lignin blends: Interactions, properties, applications

Kun

Pukánszky

2017

European Polymer Journal

320

252

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Lignin is a cheap material available in large quantities, thus the interest in its valorization is increasing both in industry and academia. A possible approach towards value added applications is using it as a component in plastics. However, blending lignin with polymers is not straightforward because of the polarity of lignin molecules resulting in strong self-interactions. The structure and properties of lignin depend on the extraction technology used for its production. The structure of lignin is complex and its characterization difficult. Lignin has been added to various polymers in the last few decades and the resulting material was sometimes called blend, while in other cases composite. Based on arguments we show that lignin forms blends, and these are classified and discussed according to the interactions developing in them, since competitive interactions determine the structure and properties of the blends. Usually even strong interactions are not sufficient to result in complete miscibility. As a consequence lignin is often modified chemically or by plasticization to improve its dispersion in plastics, or a compatibilizer is added to increase interfacial adhesion. Lignin can be used also as a reactive component in various resins and polymers.

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Section: Fig 18 Audioquest® Nighthawk Headphones With Earcups Made supporting

confidence: 59%

Polymer/lignin blends: Interactions, properties, applications

Kun

Pukánszky

2017

European Polymer Journal

320

252

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“…This material was firstly obtained at the Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (ICT) in Pfinztal (Germany), where three types of Liquid Wood were classified according to their biodegradability degree, namely Arboform (100 % biodegradable), Arbofill and Arboblend (partially biodegradable). Liquid Wood is marketed as a mixture of cellulose, hemp, fax and lignin that, due to its properties (it may be reused several times without diminishing its properties), may replace all the current plastic products in the world, becoming one of the newest green materials [11]. The use of PP as a matrix may limit the processing temperature and the heating effects due to friction and shearing and may lead to the degradation of lignin, thus resulting in the loss of the favourable properties of polymer/lignin systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal characterization of a series of lignin-based polypropylene blends

Blanco

Cicala

Latteri

et al. 2016

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Polypropylene (PP), due to its chemical stability, is considered one of the main responsible of the increasing amount of plastic wastes on earth. To overcome this problem and to reduce the dependence of oil feedstocks, the use of lignocellulosics as fillers or reinforcements in thermoplastic materials has been increasing enormously in the last decades. In the present work, Liquid Wood (a mixture of cellulose, hemp, fax and lignin) was used to prepare, by mechanical mixing followed by thermal extrusion, blends of various PP/Liquid Wood ratios. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis experiments were performed in order to verify whether and how much the composition of the blends affects the thermal properties of the obtained compounds. Both calorimetric and thermogravimetric results indicate that the application of PP as a matrix does not limit the processing temperature of Liquid Wood, which may lead to a perfect marketable composite from these components. The addition of Liquid Wood also resulted in enhanced mechanical properties for the PP/Liquid Wood blends.

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“…DSC analysis: Results of thermal characterization for Arboform formulations containing different amounts of ELO-and MLO-modified oils are reported in Figure 5. Other than glass transition events, two main peaks appeared on the DSC thermograms due to an exothermic cold crystallization and an endothermic melting transformation [6,39]. Both of these phenomena can be attributed, in our opinion, to a polylactic acid (PLA) fraction (probably added to improve the workability of liquid wood).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Improved Toughness in Lignin/Natural Fiber Composites Plasticized with Epoxidized and Maleinized Linseed Oils

et al. 2020

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The use of maleinized (MLO) and epoxidized (ELO) linseed oils as potential biobased plasticizers for lignin/natural fiber composites formulations with improved toughness was evaluated. Arboform®, a lignin/natural fiber commercial composite, was used as a reference matrix for the formulations. The plasticizer content varied in the range 0–15 wt % and mechanical, thermal and morphological characterizations were used to assess the potential of these environmentally friendly modifiers. Results from impact tests show a general increase in the impact-absorbed energy for all the samples modified with bio-oils. The addition of 2.5 wt % of ELO to Arboform (5.4 kJ/m2) was able to double the quantity of absorbed energy (11.1 kJ/m2) and this value slightly decreased for samples containing 5 and 10 wt %. A similar result was obtained with the addition of MLO at 5 wt %, with an improvement of 118%. The results of tensile and flexural tests also show that ELO and MLO addition increased the tensile strength as the percentage of both oils increased, even if higher values were obtained with lower percentages of maleinized oil due to the possible presence of ester bonds formed between multiple maleic groups present in MLO and the hydroxyl groups of the matrix. Thermal characterization confirmed that the mobility of polymer chains was easier in the presence of ELO molecules. On the other hand, MLO presence delayed the crystallization event, predominantly acting as an anti-nucleating agent, interrupting the folding or packing process. Both chemically modified vegetable oils also efficiently improved the thermal stability of the neat matrix.

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Microindentation and differential scanning calorimetry of “liquid wood”

Cited by 29 publications

References 5 publications

Polymer/lignin blends: Interactions, properties, applications

Polymer/lignin blends: Interactions, properties, applications

Thermal characterization of a series of lignin-based polypropylene blends

Improved Toughness in Lignin/Natural Fiber Composites Plasticized with Epoxidized and Maleinized Linseed Oils

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