Micromachined Clark oxygen electrode

Suzuki, Hiroaki; Sugama, Atsushi; Kojima, Naomi

doi:10.1016/0925-4005(93)80031-6

Cited by 61 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Direct deposition of silver chloride particles was performed by chemical oxidation, inside the closed polymeric microfluidic channel. Two different published protocols were tested and compared: incubation with 50 mM FeCl 3 aqueous solution for 50 sec [28] or with 0.1 M FeCl 3 aqueous solution for 5 min [17]. Before chlorination, silver film surface was washed by 10 min sonication in ultrapure water.…”

Section: Apparatus and Procedures Microfabrication Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The modification of PDMS surfaces, to control the interactions between molecules and cells, and microdevice substrate has become, currently, a key technology. In this context, several amperometric miniaturized devices have been proposed [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. All of the referred systems show modifications in the electrode number, materials, geometry, and dimension giving different sensing efficiency and fabricating costs as results; on a parallel route, diverse semipermeable membrane-type and microculture chamber materials, features, and required sample volume are discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microoxygraph Device for Biosensoristic Applications

et al. 2016

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Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) is a significant parameter helpful to determinein vitrorespiratory efficiency of living cells. Oxygen is an excellent oxidant and its electrocatalytic reduction on a noble metal allows accurately detecting it. By means of microfabrication technologies, handy, low-cost, and disposable chip can be attained, minimizing working volumes and improving sensitivity and response time. In this respect, here is presented a microoxygraph device (MOD), based on Clark’s electrode principle, displaying many advantageous features in comparison to other systems. This lab-on-chip platform is composed of a three-microelectrode detector equipped with a microgrooved electrochemical cell, sealed with a polymeric reaction chamber. Au working/counter electrodes and Ag/AgCl reference electrode were fabricated on a glass slide. A microchannel was realized by photoresist lift-off technique and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanoporous film was integrated as oxygen permeable membrane (OPM) between the probe and the microreaction chamber. Electrochemical measurements showed good reproducibility and average response time, assessed by periodic injection and suction of a reducing agent. OCR measurements on 3T3 cells, subjected, in real time, to chemical stress on the respiratory chain, were able to show that this chip allows performing consistent metabolic analysis.

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Section: Apparatus and Procedures Microfabrication Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microoxygraph Device for Biosensoristic Applications

et al. 2016

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“…Critical points are that contamination must be thoroughly removed from the surfaces and no protrusions of electrode patterns are allowed [17±19]. The electrode patterns must be thin enough [17,20] or formed at the bottom of shallow grooves etched in the glass substrate [18,19]. A sacri®cial layer, an essential technique in surface micromaching, has also been used to preserve a clean surface of detecting electrodes [21] and to form a gas-permeable membrane over a through-hole [22,23].…”

Section: An Overview Of Materials and Basic Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, if the variation of the electrolyte component caused by the electrolysis on the counter electrode is also taken into account, the situation is not straightforward. According to the experience of the author who actually compared these con®gurations [18,45], a two-electrode con®guration using the Ag=AgCl anode gives better current stability. When a Ag=AgCl reference electrode is used, silver ions migrating to the working electrode are deposited there and sometimes make a short circuit in¯uencing on the electrode stability [25,41].…”

Section: Oxygen Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Microfabrication of Electrochemical Sensors and Systems

Suzuki

2000

Electroanalysis

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145

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Technologies to microfabricate electrochemical sensors and systems are rapidly advancing and will surely have an impact on critical fields such as medicine, environment, and information processing. It is a good opportunity to review the state of the art and trends in the technologies developed in this field during the last two decades of the 20th century and prepare for the coming decades. Here, developed electrochemical microsensors and microsystems will be reviewed in terms of techniques and performance along with the problems left as issues for the next century.

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“…To immobilize the electrolyte and the bacteria in the cavity surrounded by the groove and the FEP, the bacteria were rinsed in distilled water and suspended in a 50 mM Tris/HCl buffer solution (pH 8.0) containing 0.1 M KC1 and 0.4% sodium alginate. After inserting a 50 mM CaCl, solution into the cavity by decompression and dried up, we inserted the buffer solution, again by decompression, and formed a calcium alginate gel containing the electrolyte and the bacteria [14]. Although the L-glutamate sensor does not need the bacteria, they were immobilized in the cavity for convenience.…”

Section: Structure and Fabrication Of Integrated Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated amino acid sensors for detection of L‐glutamate, L‐lysine, L‐arginine, and L‐histidine

1994

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Using microfabricated Clark oxygen electrodes. we integrated amperometric amino acid sensors to detect L-glutamate, L-lysine, L-arginine, and L-histidine. The oxygen electrode consists of an anisotropically etched rectangular groove with a silver cathode and a Ag/AgCl anode, a Fluorinated Ethylene-Propylene (FEP) gas-permeable membrane, and a 0.1 M KCl electrolyte gel inserted after fabrication. Enzymes were immobilized on the gas-permeable membrane. L-glutamate was measured using L-glutamate oxidase. To detect L-lysine, L-arginine, and L-histidine, decarboxylases and autotrophic bacteria were used. The response times of the sensors ranged from 30 seconds to 10 minutes and a fairly linear relationship was observed between the output current of each sensor and the substrate concentration. We operated the sensors in the same buffer solution.

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Micromachined Clark oxygen electrode

Cited by 61 publications

References 10 publications

Microoxygraph Device for Biosensoristic Applications

Microoxygraph Device for Biosensoristic Applications

Advances in the Microfabrication of Electrochemical Sensors and Systems

Integrated amino acid sensors for detection of L‐glutamate, L‐lysine, L‐arginine, and L‐histidine

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