Micromechanical behaviour of apple tissue in tensile and compression tests: Storage conditions and cultivar effect

Alamar, M. Carmen; Vanstreels, Els; Oey, M.; Moltó, Enrique; Nicolaı̈, Bart

doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.10.012

Cited by 62 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The same characteristics of the stress-strain curves were observed in the Starkrimson apple samples. Similar stress-strain curves produced by tensile testing were found in [8,9] and the tissue curves show that the stress was low for small strain and increased with the increase of strain.…”

Section: Tensile Testsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…Eckhard, et al did research on Elstar apple peel that was stored for a period of 14 days and found that the elastic modulus of Elstar peel with skin spots was higher than that of peel without skin spots under tensile tests; the values ranged from 30.5 Mpa to 50.6 Mpa [6]. In fact, the tensile strength and elastic strength obtained from the apple tissue that was subjected to the tensile test were small values, smaller than those of the apple peel [8,9]. This typifies the peel as the outermost layer of a fruit, protecting it from damage or destruction, but different peels have different mechanical properties.…”

Section: Tensile Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Manipulation of the turgor did not affect the initial cell parameters. Alamar, et al [9] examined the micromechanical behavior of apple parenchyma of two different cultivars under two storage conditions through uniaxial tension and compression testing. They found no differences in the mechanical parameters of both cultivars, but a significant storage effect was discovered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Research on Mechanical Properties of Apple Peels

Ju-xia

Cui

et al. 2015

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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Abstract. Knowledge of the mechanical properties of apple peel, as the outermost tissue of the fruit, is crucial for the designing of apple harvesting machines. In this study, longitudinal and transverse tensile tests were conducted on peels from the shadow side and sunlit side of two apple cultivars (Starkrimson and Fuji) using an electronic universal testing machine, and tear tests and puncture tests were carried out on peels of both sides as well. The stress-strain curves and tear and puncture force-deformation curves of the peels were acquired and the tensile strength, elastic modulus, failure strain tear strength, puncture strength of the peels were measured. Also, scanning electron microscope images were made. The results showed that the maximum values of tensile strength, elastic modulus, fracture strain, tear strength, and puncture strength were 2.56 MPa, 24.00 MPa, 19.92%, 0.391 kN·m -1 , and 0.289 N·mm -2 , respectively. The tensile strength, elastic modulus, and puncture strength values for the Starkrimson peels were higher than those for the Fuji peels from the same side. Apple peel is an anisotropic heterogeneous material. The bearing capacity of the peel depends on the number and distribution of microcracks on the surface, and the size and shape of the epidermal cells. The organization and connections between the cells determine the strength of the connections between cells.

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Section: Tensile Testsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Tensile Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Research on Mechanical Properties of Apple Peels

Ju-xia

Cui

et al. 2015

J. Eng. Technol. Sci.

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“…Feret's minimum diameter is a measuring method utilized to estimate the length or size of a cell or fiber (Briguet et al, 2004;Alamar et al, 2008). It is the minimum distance between two parallel tangents at opposite sides of the cell or fibers borders (Briguet et al).…”

Section: Bal Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

The Morphological Effects of Asthma, As Well As Conventional and Alternative Asthma Therapies on Parietal and Chief Cells in the Stomach of BALB/c Mice

2011

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VIEIRA, W. A.; OBERHOLZER, H. M. & PRETORIUS, E.The morphological effects of asthma, as well as conventional and alternative asthma therapies on parietal and chief cells in the stomach of BALB/c mice. Int. J. Morphol., 29(4):1341-1350, 2011. SUMMARY:Scientific literature, although limited in this area, supports the hypothesis that asthma, by means of selective leukocyte trafficking between the various mucosal and glandular sites of the body, can have the same pathophysiological effects on the stomach as the airways. This study aimed to determine if asthma, in the absence and presence of various asthma therapies (Hydrocortisone and Modul8 TM ), imparted any morphological alteration on the stomach parietal and chief cells. The BALB/c murine asthmatic mouse model was the model of choice in this study. The asthma induction protocol as well as the asthma therapies were proved to be effective with the aid of bronchial lavage fluid leukocyte quantification. Fundic and pyloric biopsies were extracted at termination and assessed by means of transmission electron, scanning electron and light microscopy. The extracted fundic and pyloric biopsies revealed asthma alone induced parietal cell hypertrophy (increase in parietal cell size P < 0.000100 in both stomach regions) and chief cell hyper functioning. The use of Hydrocortisone and Modul8 TM , as a therapy to correct the perceived gastric alterations were dismal; only in the case of fundic parietal cells were both treatments able to compensate for the hypertrophic effect caused by asthma, while in the pylorus parietal cell asthma-induced hypertrophy was only compensated for by Modul8 TM .

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“…Apple, being the third fruit in the world production ranking (FAO 2009), is the main subject of many studies aiming to understand the control of texture. Apple texture changes all along fruit development (Volz et al 2003) and markedly softens with ripening and post-harvest storage (Johnston et al 2002;Mehinagic et al 2004;Camps et al 2007;Varela et al 2007;Alamar et al 2008). The mechanisms involved are complex and imply several factors at different scales (Harker et al 1997a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Texture analysis in an apple progeny through instrumental, sensory and histological phenotyping

et al. 2011

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Phenotypic analysis of texture traits was performed in an apple progeny by three complementary approaches: two classical instrumental measurements (compression and penetrometry), sensory assessment and histological screening. The progeny was composed of 141 individuals harvested over 2 years. Sensory and instrumental texture were assessed at harvest and after 2 and 4 months of cold storage. Histological screening was performed by combining macro-vision of outer parenchyma sections and image analysis on fruits after 2 months storage. Harvest year was observed to have a major impact on texture phenotypes followed by storage and genetic factors. Principal component analysis of data from the instrumental texture evaluations showed that the two methods complemented each other in characterizing the texture of the apple progeny. Compression parameters correlated better than penetrometry variables with sensory descriptors related to crispness, firmness, and graininess. Cell size distribution differentiated individuals in the apple progeny. It correlated with instrumental texture analyses and with juiciness perception. All measured texture related traits showed that they were all under genetic control with high heritability values. Higher values were obtained for fruits after 2 months storage. These results provide ground for future search of new apple texture QTLs

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Micromechanical behaviour of apple tissue in tensile and compression tests: Storage conditions and cultivar effect

Cited by 62 publications

References 23 publications

Experimental Research on Mechanical Properties of Apple Peels

Experimental Research on Mechanical Properties of Apple Peels

The Morphological Effects of Asthma, As Well As Conventional and Alternative Asthma Therapies on Parietal and Chief Cells in the Stomach of BALB/c Mice

Texture analysis in an apple progeny through instrumental, sensory and histological phenotyping

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