Micromechanical Model and Thermal Properties of Dry-Friction Hybrid Polymer Composite Clutch Facings

Abstract

Fiber-reinforced hybrid composites are the most commonly used dry-friction materials in the automotive industry. On the other hand, the great variety of components utilized these days in such material systems often requires identification investigations for a complex characterization. The development history of clutch materials was reviewed, highlighting and understanding the milestones and efforts leading to the creation of these materials. Investigations were performed to determine mechanical stiffness matrix parameters and thermal properties of a woven fiber yarn (glass fiber with aromatic polyamide, copper, and poly-acrylic-nitrile (PAN) reinforced friction material, revealing and solving challenges faced during identification efforts. This study grants an effective reference and a novel guidance for material identification methods for similar complex materials, and the results provide input parameters for thermomechanical simulation contact model development, which will cover friction material lifetime effects on dry clutch tribology in a future study.

Thermal and thermoelastic problems in dry friction clutch: A comprehensive review

“…Biczó et al 54 used a new reinforced friction material with woven fiber yarns that are specifically: fiberglass with copper and aromatic polyamide material and friction material reinforced with acrylic nitrile. The purpose of using such material is to study the mechanical and thermal properties of the new hybrid material and the possibility of its use in dry friction clutches.…”

“…Figure 15 depicted an experimental comparison of the thermal and frictional properties of the new and worn lining materials (i.e., after a distance of 50,000 km), as it demonstrated that the temperature of the new material is higher than the worn because the latter has a higher coefficient of friction, which means a higher rate of heat generation, and also that the temperature increased with increasing time. The studied friction materials varied remarkably to try to reach the best thermal behavior of the clutch lining, for example, Ramesh et al 55 used different materials (VH‐03, G95, SF‐CPX61, and SF‐MC2), Koranteng et al 50 relied on a Cu‐based composite, Bhaduri and MuruguNachippan 35 worked on comparing several materials (molded asbestos, sintered iron, Al‐MMC F3D20S‐T5, Al‐MMC F3S20S‐T61), while fiber‐reinforced hybrid composites have been studied by Biczó et al, 54 Bhandari and Mane 46 focused on aluminum alloy (A‐360), and Harish and Kumar 56 compared three materials (asbestos, Kevlar 29, sintered iron).…”

Effects of Alkyl-Substituted Polybenzoxazines on Tribological Properties of Non-Asbestos Composite Friction Materials

“…While non-asbestos organic friction materials are commonly used in automotive brake linings and clutch plates, such materials should satisfy a multitude of requirements, including a stable coefficient of friction, high wear resistance under aggressive operating conditions (such as high speeds, high compressive stress, and temperatures that can range up to 370 °C [ 3 ]), the ability to generate low noise while in use, and ideally be prepared in an environmentally friendly manner [ 4 , 5 ]. Recently, high-performance polymer composites are being increasingly favored for friction materials and becoming competition for conventional materials [ 6 , 7 , 8 ].…”

Effects of Automotive Test Parameters on Dry Friction Fiber-Reinforced Clutch Facing Surface Microgeometry and Wear

“…[1] The commonly used single disc clutch system consists of a flywheel, a clutch disc with composite friction facings and the clutch itself with the releasing diaphragm spring. Following a remarkable friction material development throughout the past century, fiber-reinforced hybrid composites became the most used dry friction materials in such applications [2].…”

“…To conclude, stability of the fiction coefficient and wear resistance of polymer composite friction materials for clutches of the present day are determined by requirements derived from the loads and environment, in the same way as strength against transient mechanical impacts and high rotational velocity, deformability and heat resistance against thermal loads [2]. Therefore, tribological scholars often detail the effects of components and manufacturing parameters on frictional properties of the material.…”