Micromechanics for fiber volume percent with a photocure vinyl ester composite

Abstract

Micromechanics for fiber volume percent () from 0.0 to 54.0 were conducted using (3 mm long × 9 µm diameter) high-purity quartz fibers in a visible-light vinyl ester particulate-filled photocure resin. MTS fully articulated four-point bend fixtures were used with a 40 mm test span and 50 × 2 × 2 mm sample dimensions. Specimens were tested following the combined modified ASTM standards for advanced ceramics ASTM-C-1161-94 and polymers ASTM-D-6272-00 for modulus, flexural strength, and yield strength. Experimental data provided reliable statistical support for the dominant fiber contribution expressed through the rule-of-mixtures theory as a valid representation of micromechanical physics. The rule-of-mixtures micromechanics described by could explain 92, 85, and 78% of the variability related to modulus, flexural strength, and yield strength respectively. Statistically significant improvements with fiber addition began at 10.3 for modulus, 5.4 for flexural strength, and 10.3 for yield strength, < 0.05. In addition, correlation matrix analysis was performed for all mechanical test data. An increase in correlated significantly with increases in modulus, flexural strength, and yield strength as measured by the four-point bending test, < 10. All mechanical properties in turn correlated highly significantly with one another, < 10.

Replacement of glass particles by multidirectional short glass fibers in experimental composites: Effects on degree of conversion, mechanical properties and polymerization shrinkage

“…5. A similar increase in FT (from 1.7 to 4.6 MPa m 1/2 ) was reported by Petersen et al [32] when 5.4 vol% of highly oriented 3-mm fibers replaced zirconia particles in a 66 vol% filled composite. Studies reporting FT of fiber-reinforced composites are not numerous.…”

“…It is possible that, relatively to filler particles, fiber fraction was too low to have a significant effect on strength. In fact, Petersen et al [32] reported substantial increases in FS when highly oriented short fibers replaced zirconia silicate fillers in volume fractions between 10.3% and 54%. Moreover, the reduction in strength observed with the composite containing 5% of fibers suggests two concurring effects.…”

Computational conformational antimicrobial analysis developing mechanomolecular theory for polymer biomaterials in materials science and engineering

“…12. The ability to pack or condense particulate-filled composite is retained by securing intermolecular forces of attraction between the high viscosity BisGMA photocure resin that are assumed to be by hydrogen bonding [Esstech, Inc., 2013a; Esstech, Inc., 2013b] and further by interparticle van der Waals forces of attraction particularly for the smaller nanosize particulate [Milewski, 1973; Atkins, 1994; Petersen, 2006; Petersen et al ., 2007a]. …”

“…Practical knowledge for the dominating constituents of a composite structure has clearly demonstrated that structural mechanical strength-type properties are influenced most highly by fibers [Chawla, 1998; Peters, 1998; Petersen and Wenski, 2002; Petersen, 2005; Petersen et al ., 2006; Petersen et al ., 2007a; Petersen et al ., 2007b]. Regarding highly relevant biological interactions, conducting carbon fibers that reinforce developmental biopolymer implants have influenced enhanced cell growth beyond normal limits [Petersen, 2011].…”

Bisphenyl-Polymer/Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Composite Compared to Titanium Alloy Bone Implant

“…A tougher, less brittle composite then aids in making thinner parts [12] which becomes more important for small biomedical devices. In addition, polarized inorganic fillers similar to bone mineral are commonly included in thermoset free-radical cure bisphenyl polymers to improve mechanical/physical properties and control manufacturing process consolidation [2, 13, 14]. Eukaryote mammalian cells then extensively require inorganic calcium and phosphates derived from a large bone source to insulate and seal lipid membrane compartments and establish voltage potentials [15-17].…”