Micron and submicron nuclear probes in biomedicine

Lindh, Ulf

doi:10.1016/0168-583x(90)90292-3

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…It has been extensively applied to research concerning elemental profiles of individual blood and other cells since 1980 (37,(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56). the analysis of individual blood cells was feasible.…”

Section: Elemental Profiles Of Blood Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Exposure from Amalgam Alters the Distribution of Trace Elements in Blood Cells and Plasma

Lindh

Carlmark²,

Grönquist³

et al. 2001

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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Twenty-seven consecutive patients with health problems associated with dental amalgam were recruited. In spite of thorough medical examinations, there were no diagnoses available. The patient group was dominated by women. A healthy age- and sex-matched control group with dental amalgams without symptoms was also recruited. Metal level monitoring in plasma and nuclear microscopy of isolated individual blood cells were carried out. Significant increases of copper, iron, zinc and strontium were found in patient plasma. There was no significant difference in plasma selenium between the groups. Mercury was significantly increased in patient plasma, although there was overlap between the groups. In erythrocytes a significant increase in calcium and a significant decrease in magnesium, copper, manganese and zinc were found. Calcium, magnesium, manganese and copper increased in patient neutrophil granulocytes. A significant decrease was found for zinc. A conspicuous finding was the presence of measurable mercury in a few of the cells from the patient but not in the control group. Thus, nuclear microscopy of isolated individual blood cells might provide a better diagnostic tool for metal exposure than blood plasma measurements.

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Section: Elemental Profiles Of Blood Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Exposure from Amalgam Alters the Distribution of Trace Elements in Blood Cells and Plasma

Lindh

Carlmark²,

Grönquist³

et al. 2001

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

Self Cite

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“…This process fundamentally differs from X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM, discussed in next section) as the core hole is generated by an ion beam as opposed to an incident photon (X-ray) absorption. This underlying difference gives rise to an inherent relative increase in sensitivity of PIXE measurements relative to XFM, for detection of lighter elements, such as diffusible ions (Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , and Cl − ) (Lindh, 1990). Unfortunately, the rapidly decelerating ion beam also produces a substantial background signal, also known as Bremsstrahlung radiation, which can complicate quantitative analyses (Ryan, 2000;Ryan et al, 2002;Lee et al, 2013).…”

Section: Applications Of Pixe To Study Brain Ion Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, direct elemental mapping measurements made using PIXE were critical to validate the excitotoxicity and mitochondrial Ca 2+ overload hypothesis that were proposed to drive selective neurodegeneration that occurs 1-3 days following brain ischemia and epilepsy (Martins et al, 1988;Siesjö and Bengtsson, 1989). Interestingly, although PIXE offers capability to detect lighter ions such as Na + and Mg 2+ , this has been rarely reported for brain tissue however, application to other biological questions/systems e.g., Na + and Mg 2+ in erythrocytes of children suffering cystic fibrosis, has occurred (Lindh, 1990).…”

Section: Applications Of Pixe To Study Brain Ion Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of ex vivo Elemental Mapping Methods to Directly Image Changes in the Homeostasis of Diffusible Ions (Na+, K+, Mg2 +, Ca2 +, Cl–) Within Brain Tissue

et al. 2020

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Diffusible ions (Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Cl −) are vital for healthy function of all cells, especially brain cells. Unfortunately, the diffusible nature of these ions renders them difficult to study with traditional microscopy in situ within ex vivo brain tissue sections. This mini-review examines the recent progress in the field, using direct elemental mapping techniques to study ion homeostasis during normal brain physiology and pathophysiology, through measurement of ion distribution and concentration in ex vivo brain tissue sections. The mini-review examines the advantages and limitations of specific techniques: proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE), X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), and the sample preparation requirements to study diffusible ions with these methods.

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X‐Ray Microprobe for Fluorescence and Diffraction Analysis

Ice¹

2002

Characterization of Materials

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X‐ray diffraction and x‐ray‐excited fluorescence analysis are powerful techniques for the nondestructive measurement of crystal structure and chemical composition. X‐ray fluorescence analysis is inherently nondestructive, with orders‐of‐magnitude lower power deposited for the same detectable limit as with fluorescence excited by charged particle probes. X‐ray diffraction analysis is sensitive to crystal structure with orders‐of‐magnitude greater sensitivity to crystallographic strain than electron probes. When a small‐area x‐ray microbeam is used as the probe, chemical composition, crystal structure, crystalline texture, and crystalline strain distributions can be determined. These distributions can be studied both at the surface of the sample and deep within the sample. Current state‐of‐the‐art can achieve an ∼1‐μm diameter x‐ray microprobe and an ∼0.1 μm diameter x‐ray microprobe has been demonstrated. Despite their great chemical and crystallographic sensitivities, x‐ray microprobe techniques have until recently been restricted by inefficient x‐ray focusing optics and weak x‐ray sources; x‐ray microbeam analysis was largely superseded by electron techniques in the 1950s. However, interest in x‐ray microprobe techniques has now been revived by the development of efficient x‐ray focusing optics and ultra‐high‐intensity synchrotron x‐ray sources. These advances have increased the achievable microbeam flux by more than 12 orders of magnitude; the flux in a tunable 1 μm‐diameter beam on a so‐called third‐generation synchrotron source such as the Advanced Photon Source (APS) can exceed the flux in a fixed‐energy mm 2 beam on a conventional source. These advances place x‐ray microfluorescence and x‐ray microdiffraction analysis techniques among the most powerful techniques available for the nondestructive measurement of chemical and crystallographic distributions in materials. This article reviews the physics, advantages, and scientific applications of hard x‐ray ( E > 3 keV) microfluorescence and x‐ray microdiffraction analysis. Because practical x‐ray microbeam instruments are extremely rare, a special emphasis will be placed on instrumentation, accessibility, and experimental needs which justify the use of x‐ray microbeam analysis.

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Micron and submicron nuclear probes in biomedicine

Cited by 14 publications

References 19 publications

Metal Exposure from Amalgam Alters the Distribution of Trace Elements in Blood Cells and Plasma

Metal Exposure from Amalgam Alters the Distribution of Trace Elements in Blood Cells and Plasma

A Review of ex vivo Elemental Mapping Methods to Directly Image Changes in the Homeostasis of Diffusible Ions (Na+, K+, Mg2 +, Ca2 +, Cl–) Within Brain Tissue

X‐Ray Microprobe for Fluorescence and Diffraction Analysis

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