Micron-Sized Protein Patterning on Diazonaphthoquinone/Novolak Thin Polymeric Films

Abstract

Protein patterns at 2-μm resolution were surface-printed on the unprofiled surface of diazonaphthoquinone/novolak thin polymeric films through positive-tone and reversed negative-tone lithography. The possible mechanisms responsible for selective protein patterning, that is, (i) linkage of the amino end of the protein to the photoinduced indenecarboxylic acid via NH2-to-COOH cross-linking mediated by carbodiimide, (ii) linkage of the amino end of the protein via in-situ addition to the photoinduced ketene, and (iii) hydrophobic interaction with unexposed surfaces, were assessed through the use of ESCA, contact angle, AFM, and fluorescence microscopy. Of these, the first two mechanisms, in conjunction with diazonaphthoquinone/novolak photopolymers (a class of conventional microlithographic materials) and microlithographic equipment and techniques, can be used for bottom-to-top biomolecular architecture construction. The study proves that photolithographic materials (used for light-assisted selective surface protein attachment) can be easily transferred to bio-microlithography, with potential applications ranging from biodevice fabrication to diagnostic and combinatorial chemistry.

Detection of coccoid forms of Sulfitobacter mediterraneus using atomic force microscopy

“…Polymeric surfaces, in particular photosensitive polymers with light-tunable properties [25], of which PtBMA is a member [26], have previously been used to probe the surface-induced metabolic change of surface-anchored marine bacteria [27]. Compared to other polymers, PtBMA has certain experimental advantages, i.e.…”

Photoresist-based integration of enzyme functionality into MEMS

“…Preferably, however, the integration of enzyme functionality into MEMS should be accomplished using existing microfabrication techniques, and is compatible with established processes. Protein immobilization on photoresists provides a method with perfect process compatibility and versatile patterning possibilities (Blagoi et al 2008;Ganesan et al 2008;Nicolau et al 1998). However, up to now special conjugation methods have been required, such as light-promoted protein attachment (Nicolau et al 1998) or chemical modification of the photoresist surface (Blagoi et al 2008;Ganesan et al 2008).…”

Tunable Resistive m-dPEG Acid Patterns on Polyelectrolyte Multilayers at Physiological Conditions: Template for Directed Deposition of Biomacromolecules

“…7,13,14 Most of the studies developed have focused on forming arrays of single proteins. 7,8,[15][16][17][18][19][20] However, few studies have reported engineering of multiple protein arrays on surfaces and have various limitations including pattern resolution, 21,22 protein degradation, 23 and exposure to harsh chemicals. 24 In this study, we engineered a novel salt tunable resistive m-dPEG acid SAM patterns on PEM surfaces which provides a template to design numerous sorted surfaces that can be used in a wide variety of applications.…”