Micronized ferric pyrophosphate supplied through extruded rice kernels improves body iron stores in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled midday meal feeding trial in Indian schoolchildren

Radhika, M S; Nair, K. Madhavan; Kumar, Rachakulla Hari; Rao, Mendu Vishnuvardhana; Ravinder, P; Reddy, Chitty Gal; Brahmam, G. N. V.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.007179

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Such efforts could also include novel methods to improve iron status as suggested by results from a recent study in Andhra Pradesh, India. That study showed significant improvements in body iron stores and reduction in iron deficiency in primary school-aged children when they were given micronized ferric pyrophosphate (fortified extruded rice kernels mixed with normal rice) through midday meal for 8 mo [46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Prevalence and predictors of anemia in a population of North Indian children

et al. 2014

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Prevalence and predictors of anemia in a population of North Indian children

et al. 2014

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“…In African settings, school feeding programs are shown to improve intake of energy [69] and micronutrients [5,22], such as calcium, vitamin C and vitamin A through the distribution of fruits or dairy products. Beneficial effects of fortified food distribution through school feeding programs on micronutrient status were reported [70,71]. Calcium supplementation showed positive effects on calcium bone acquisition of children accustomed to low-calcium diets [72,73] and on long-term bone mass growth [74].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient Intake Is Insufficient among Senegalese Urban School Children and Adolescents: Results from Two 24 h Recalls in State Primary Schools in Dakar

et al. 2016

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Due to rapid urbanization and high food prices and in the absence of nutrition programs, school children from urban areas in West Africa often have insufficient and inadequate diet leading to nutrient deficiencies that affect their health and schooling performance. Acute malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies are prevalent in children from primary state schools of Dakar (Senegal). The objectives of the present study were to assess the overall diet of these children, to report insufficient/excessive energy and nutrient intakes and to investigate association between insufficient nutrient intake and micronutrient deficiencies. Children attending urban state primary schools in the Dakar area were selected through a two-stage random cluster sampling (30 schools × 20 children). Dietary intake data were obtained from two 24 h recalls and blood samples were collected from 545 children (aged 5–17 years, 45% < 10 years, 53% girls) and adjusted for intra-individual variability to estimate nutrient usual intakes. Energy intake was insufficient and unbalanced with insufficient contribution of protein and excessive contribution of fat to global energy intake in one third of the children. Proportions of children with insufficient intake were: 100% for calcium, 100% for folic acid, 79% for vitamin A, 69% for zinc, 53% for vitamin C and 46% for iron. Insufficient iron and protein intake were risk factors for iron deficiency (odds ratio, OR 1.5, 2.2). Insufficient zinc intake and energy intake from protein were risk factors for zinc deficiency (OR 1.8, 3.0, 1.7, 2.9). Insufficient iron and vitamin C intake, and insufficient energy intake from protein were risk factors for marginal vitamin A status (OR 1.8, 1.8, 3.3). To address nutritional deficiencies associated with a diet deficient in energy, protein and micronutrients, nutrition education or school feeding programs are needed in urban primary schools of Senegal.

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“…Recent reviews suggest that iron deficiencies in early life have persistent negative effects later in life [57,58]. The fortification of rice has proven to be effective in improving iron status for children (between 6 and 13 years old) in India when the fortified rice was provided, containing at least 17 mg to 19 mg iron through micronized ferrous pyrophosphate [29,59]. In Vietnam, where the diet provides approximately 4.8 mg of iron, if children age 6 to 59.9 months consumed fortified rice with micronized ferrous phosphate and sauces with NaFeEDTA, those products could provide, depending on the age groups, ranges of 2.7 mg to 7.4 mg, and 0.6 mg to 1.2 mg respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A market survey in Vietnam [21], commissioned in 2009 by the GAIN, showed potential for a multiple food fortification strategy due to highly concentrated industries for vegetable oil (8 producers with 95% of the market), fish sauces (13 producers with 60% of the market), flavoring powders (13 producers with 75% of the market), soy sauces (4 producers with 76% of the market) and wheat flour (8 producers with 84% of the market). In addition, rice fortification is currently getting more attention because fortification technology is now available [22,23,24,25], and new evidence is demonstrating the potential benefits of rice fortification to control micronutrient deficiencies [26,27,28,29]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of the Impact of Fortification of Staples and Condiments on Micronutrient Intake in Young Vietnamese Children

et al. 2012

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Targeted fortification programs for infants and young children are an effective strategy to prevent micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries, but the role of large-scale fortification of staple foods and condiments is less clear. Dietary modeling in children aged 6–60 months was undertaken, based on food consumption patterns described in the 2009 national food consumption survey, using a 24-h recall method. Consumption data showed that the median intake of a child for iron, vitamin A and zinc, as a proportion of the Vietnamese Recommended Dietary Allowance (VRDA), is respectively 16%–48%, 14%–49% and 36%–46%, (depending on the age group). Potential fortification vehicles, such as rice, fish/soy sauces and vegetable oil are consumed daily in significant amounts (median: 170 g/capita/day, 4 g/capita/day and 6 g/capita/day, respectively) by over 40% of the children. Vegetable oil fortification could contribute to an additional vitamin A intake of 21%–24% of VRDA recommended nutrient intake, while fortified rice could support the intakes of all the other micronutrients (14%–61% for iron, 4%–11% for zinc and 33%–49% of folate requirements). Other food vehicles, such as wheat flour, which is consumed by 16% of children, could also contribute to efforts to increase micronutrient intakes, although little impact on the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies can be expected if used alone. The modeling suggests that fortification of vegetable oil, rice and sauces would be an effective strategy to address micronutrient gaps and deficiencies in young children.

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Micronized ferric pyrophosphate supplied through extruded rice kernels improves body iron stores in children: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled midday meal feeding trial in Indian schoolchildren

Abstract: Regular intake of 19 mg Fe/d in MFPP supplied through extruded rice kernels improves iron stores and reduces iron deficiency among schoolchildren in India.

Cited by 49 publications

References 25 publications

Prevalence and predictors of anemia in a population of North Indian children

Prevalence and predictors of anemia in a population of North Indian children

Nutrient Intake Is Insufficient among Senegalese Urban School Children and Adolescents: Results from Two 24 h Recalls in State Primary Schools in Dakar

An Assessment of the Impact of Fortification of Staples and Condiments on Micronutrient Intake in Young Vietnamese Children

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