Micronuclei assessment in the urothelial cells of women using hair dyes and its modulation by genetic polymorphisms

Espinoza, Felicidad; Silverman, Debra T.; Kogevinas, Manolis; Creus, A.; Fernández, Francisco Pedro García; García‐Closas, Montserrat; Tardón, Adonina; García-Closas, Reina; Serra, Consol; Carrato, Alfredo; Rothman, Nathaniel; Dosemeci, Mustafa; Malats, Núria; Marcos, Ricard

doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2008.01.010

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It has been suggested that hair dyeing can increase the risk of glioma28 29; however, we found an inverse association, even though hair dyeing is a risk factor for development of p-phenylenediamine contact allergy, for example. Hair dyeing may also be a risk factor for developing bladder cancer 30 31. In our study, we found a positive association between contact allergy and bladder cancer, which may be caused by p-phenylenediamine contact allergy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Association between cancer and contact allergy: a linkage study

et al. 2011

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BackgroundContact allergy is a prevalent disorder. It is estimated that about 20% of the general population are allergic to one or more of the chemicals that constitute the European baseline patch test panel. While many studies have investigated associations between type I allergic disorders and cancer, few have looked into the association between cancer and contact allergy, a type IV allergy. By linking two clinical databases, the authors investigate the possible association between contact allergy and cancer.MethodsRecord linkage of two different registers was performed: (1) a tertiary hospital register of dermatitis patients patch tested for contact allergy and (2) a nationwide cancer register (the Danish Cancer Register). After linking the two registers, only cancer subtypes with 40 or more patients registered were included in the analysis. The final associations were evaluated by logistic regression analysis.ResultsAn inverse association between contact allergy and non-melanoma skin- and breast cancer, respectively, was identified in both sexes, and an inverse trend for brain cancer was found in women with contact allergy. Additionally, a positive association between contact allergy and bladder cancer was found.ConclusionThe inverse associations support the immunosurveillance hypothesis (ie, individuals with an allergy are less likely to get cancer due to a triggered immune system), while the positive association with bladder cancer could be due to accumulations of chemical metabolites in the bladder. The authors' findings add to the limited knowledge about contact allergy and the risk of cancer.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Association between cancer and contact allergy: a linkage study

et al. 2011

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“…Our values are within the mean frequencies reported for control cohorts in the literature (as reviewed in Table 3). However, a great variation in the MNu frequencies is reported among these control cohorts, and could be explained by many factors such as sex, age, lifestyle habits, geographic region and ethnicity, sample size, and scoring criteria (Espinoza et al, 2008;Majer et al, 2001). Nevertheless, we believe that one of the main factors could reside in the ability of the scorers to distinguish correctly between urothelial and squamous cells, during the MNu analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…As for staining methods, Feulgen reaction counterstained with Fast green (Moore et al, 1993;Rosin and Anwar, 1992), Diff-Quik (Murray and Edwards, 1999), and Giemsa stain (Ghosh et al, 2006;Gonzalez Cid et al, 1991) are frequently used. Although these staining methods allow for clear demarcation between nucleus and cytoplasm (Majer et al, 2001), distinction between urothelial cells and other cell types present in urine, such as squamous cells, is mainly based on cytological features (Espinoza et al, 2008). Also, some studies report use of fluorescent in situ hybridization with a pancentromeric probe, with propidium iodide as a counterstain, to investigate the content of micronuclei present in urine preparations (Moore et al, 1997b;Warner et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To get rid of the squamous cells problem, enrichment in urothelial cells from female urine sediments using magnetic cell sorting has been described (Dorrenhaus et al, 2007), but this technique seems limited to biochemical applications. At the moment, as no other developments in the MNu assay have been described to allow suitable preparation of urothelial cells, excellent urine specimens and a very good cytological knowledge are necessary for analysis (Espinoza et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimizing urothelial cell preparation for the human urinary micronucleus assay

Fortin

Anghel

Brochu

et al. 2010

Toxicology in Vitro

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Biological monitoring of early genotoxic effects in urothelial cells using the urinary micronucleus (MNu) assay is promising for early detection of cancer, such as bladder carcinoma. But many problems are encountered, the major being the poorly differential staining of cells, particularly in women having an important amount of squamous cells. We have optimized the protocol and obtained a differential staining of the cell types present in urine on 10 subjects. Following Carnoy I fixation and Papanicolaou staining, urothelial cells were blue while most squamous cells were pink. This differential staining allowed for optimization of the MNu assay on a single urine void, for both females and males. Even if our MNu means were comparable to the literature, the great variation in reported MNu results could reside in the ability of scorers to distinguish correctly between urothelial and squamous cells. When monitoring exposed populations, this erroneous distinction could largely influence the results, even more in women's urine samples. Given a situation where exposure would not increase micronuclei frequency in vaginal squamous cells, their erroneous analysis in the MNu assay could mask an early genotoxic effect. Therefore, as transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder originates from transformed urothelial cells, restricting micronuclei analysis to urothelial cells could yield a more precise estimate of cancer risk in exposed populations. Moreover, it is hoped that the improvements proposed in this paper will allow for an easier implementation of the MNu assay in various set-ups and enhance its specificity, since MNu are considered a suitable biomarker.

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“…Currently, the use of hair dyes is very prevalent. In developed countries, over one-third of women over 18 years of age and 10% of men over 40 years of age use hair coloring products (Espinoza et al 2008). Because of the extent and frequency of human contact with hair coloring products, the hair dye ingredients should not be harmful to human health under normal or foreseeable conditions of use .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Method for Determination of Lead in Hair Dyes Using Slurry Sampling Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Soares

Nascentes

2013

Analytical Letters

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A fast, simple and sensitive method for determining of lead in hair dyes using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry with slurry sampling was developed. Multivariate optimization was used to establish optimal analytical parameters through a fractional factorial and a central composite design. The samples were submitted for direct analysis without prior digestion and were diluted in 2.5% v/v HNO 3 and 1.5% v/v H 2 O 2 . Palladium (chemical modifier) and rhodium (permanent modifier) were selected from several potential modifiers. The optimal conditions were a pyrolysis time of 10 s (liquid and dust dyes) 20 s (cream dyes), a pyrolysis temperature of 789 C (liquid dyes) or 750 C (cream and dust dyes) and an atomization temperature of 1800 C for all dyes. Under optimum conditions, the calibration graph is linear in the 1.50-50.0 lg L À1 concentration range, with a detection limit of 0.33, 0.44, and 0.39 lg L À1 for liquid, dust, and cream hair dyes, respectively. The relative standard deviation ranged from 1.63 to 4.56%. The recovery rate ranged from 85 to 108%, and no significant differences were found between the results obtained with the proposed method and the microwave decomposition analysis method of real samples. The concentration ranges obtained for lead in the hair dyes samples were 1.00-11.3 lg L À1 for liquid dyes, 14.0-100 lg kg À1 for dust dyes, and 19.9-187 lg kg À1 for cream dyes.

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Micronuclei assessment in the urothelial cells of women using hair dyes and its modulation by genetic polymorphisms

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Association between cancer and contact allergy: a linkage study

Association between cancer and contact allergy: a linkage study

Optimizing urothelial cell preparation for the human urinary micronucleus assay

Simple Method for Determination of Lead in Hair Dyes Using Slurry Sampling Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

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