Micronucleus test in erythrocytes of Barbus plebejus (Teleostei, Pisces) from two natural environments: a bioassay for the in situ detection of mutagens in freshwater

Minissi, Sandra; Ciccotti, Eleonora; Rizzoni, Marco

doi:10.1016/s0165-1218(96)90084-1

Cited by 132 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…MN are generated by segregational errors (due to clastogenic and/or aneugenic events) taking place in the dividing erythropoietic stem cells in the cephalic kidney. According to data from different authors, the estimated time for detection of MN in circulating blood erythrocytes ranges between the second and third week after a clastogenic treatment [9,10], which is compatible with the requirement of at least 100 days for a complete turnover of circulating erythrocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Rounded particles not larger than 1/5 of the main nucleus and without any connection to the nucleus were accepted as MN [10]. The scoring criteria were given in detail previously [9,10,43].…”

Section: Micronucleus Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of organochlorine by-products (OBPs) have been shown to be non-genotoxic carcinogens in laboratory animals [5,6]. These compounds are also able to induce mutagenic effects in some biological systems such as bacteria [7], polychaete [8], teleost fish [9,10], mouse cells [11] and human B-lymphoblastoid cells [12]. Long-term studies in rats treated with the disinfectant sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) in drinking water showed an increase in leukaemia in female rats [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perturbation of cytochrome P450, generation of oxidative stress and induction of DNA damage in Cyprinus carpio exposed in situ to potable surface water

Sapone¹,

Gustavino²,

Monfrinotti³

et al. 2007

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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Epidemiological evidence suggests a link between consumption of chlorinated drinking water and various cancers. Chlorination of water rich in organic chemicals produces carcinogenic organochlorine by-products (OBPs) such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. Since the discovery of the first OBP in the 1970s, there have been several investigations designed to determine the biological effects of single chemicals or small artificial OBP combinations. However, there is still insufficient information regarding the general biological response to these compounds, and further studies are still needed to evaluate their potential genotoxic effects. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of three drinking water disinfectants on the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP)-linked metabolizing enzymes and on the generation of oxidative stress in the livers of male and female Cyprinus carpio fish (carp). The fish were exposed in situ for up 20 days to surface water obtained from the Trasmene lake in Italy. The water was treated with 1-2 mg/L of either sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) or chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) as traditional disinfectants or with a relatively new disinfectant product, peracetic acid (PAA). Micronucleus (MN) frequencies in circulating erythrocytes from the fish were also analysed as a biomarker of genotoxic effect. In the CYP-linked enzyme assays, a significant induction (up to a 57-fold increase in the deethylation of ethoxyresorufin with PAA treatment) and a notable inactivation (up to almost a 90% loss in hydroxylation of p-nitrophenol with all disinfectants, and of testosterone 2␤-hydroxylation with NaClO) was observed in subcellular liver preparations from exposed fish. Using the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy radical-probe technique, we also observed that CYP-modulation was associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, we found a significant increase in MN frequency in circulating erythrocytes after 10 days of exposure of fish to water treated with ClO 2 , while a non-significant six-fold increase in MN frequency was observed with NaClO, but not with PAA. Our data suggest that the use of ClO 2 and NaClO to disinfect drinking water could generate harmful OBP mixtures that are able to perturb CYP-mediated reactions, generate oxidative stress and induce Abbreviations: NaClO, sodium hypochlorite; ClO 2 , chlorine dioxide; PAA, peracetic acid; CYP, cytochrome P450; MN, micronuclei; OBPs, organochlorine by-products; ROS, reactive oxygen species * Corresponding author. . Sapone et al. / Mutation Research 626 (2007) 143-154 genetic damage. These data may provide a mechanistic explanation for epidemiological studies linking consumption of chlorinated drinking water to increased risk of urinary, gastrointestinal and bladder cancers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Micronucleus Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perturbation of cytochrome P450, generation of oxidative stress and induction of DNA damage in Cyprinus carpio exposed in situ to potable surface water

Sapone¹,

Gustavino²,

Monfrinotti³

et al. 2007

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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“…Based on radioisotope labelling experiments, an average lifespan of about 150 days has been estimated for red blood cells in Tinca tinca [47]. According to data from different authors, the estimated time for detection of MN in erythrocytes in circulating blood ranges from the 2nd and 3rd week after a clastogenic treatment [33,36,41], which is compatible with the requirement of at least 100 days for a complete turnover of circulating erythrocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The application of the MN assay to circulating erythrocytes of fish has been considered a promising tool for the screening of drinking-water. It has been employed for both in situ exposure to environmental waters [29][30][31][32][33] and laboratory treatments in vivo [33][34][35][36][37][38]. In particular, this test has been performed in Cyprinus carpio [18,[39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulating effects of humic acids on genotoxicity induced by water disinfectants in Cyprinus carpio

Gustavino

Buschini

Monfrinotti

et al. 2005

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagene

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The use of chlorinated disinfectants during drinking-water production has been shown to generate halogenated compounds as a result of interactions of humic acids with chlorine. Such chlorinated by-products have been shown to induce genotoxic effects and consumption of chlorinated drinking-water has been correlated with increased risk for cancer induction in human populations. The aim of this work was to test the potential genotoxic effects on circulating erythrocytes of the fish Cyprinus carpio exposed in vivo to well-waters disinfected with sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) or peracetic acid (CH 3 COO 2 H, PAA), in the absence or presence of standard humic acids (HA). The effects were measured by use of the micronucleus (MN) and the single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assays at different sampling times after a 3-day exposure period. The exposure to chlorine disinfectants without the addition of HA produced a clear toxic effect. Significant cytogenetic damage (i.e. MN induction) was detected in fish populations exposed to both NaClO and ClO 2 with humic acids. In the Comet assay, a significant decrease of DNA migration was observed in erythrocytes of specimens after exposure to NaClO-disinfected water without HA. No effects were observed in any other experimental condition.

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Detection of micronuclei in peripheral erythrocytes ofCyprinus carpio exposed to metallic mercury

Nepomuceno

Ferrari

Spanó

et al. 1997

Environ. Mol. Mutagen.

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Methyl parathion (MP) is a commonly used organophosphorus insecticide, commercially available as Folidol 600. This chemical substance was tested to determine micronucleus (MN) frequencies in peripheral erythrocytes of the fish Cypnnus c e i o treated in vivo. The concentrations tested were 1.25,2.50,5.00 and 7.50 ppm. Fish were killed after 24 or 48 h of treatment. There was a significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei in the animals treated with 2.50 and 5.00 ppm after 24 h. At higher dosages this effect disap peared probably due to the increased cell lethality. The frequency of MN induction was lower at 48 than at 24 h after treatment. There was a dosedependent increase in MN frequency which, however, was significant only at the highest concentration (7.50 ppm) compared to control. RESUMENEl metil paratión (MP) es un insecticida organofosforado disponible comercialmente como Folidol 600. Esta substancia fue probada para determinar la frecuencia de micronúcleos (MN) en eritrocitos periféricos de peces Cyprinus ca+o tratados in vivo. Las concentraciones utilizadas fueron 1.25,2.50, 5.00 y 7.50 ppm. Los peces fueron sacrificados 24 y 48 h después del tratamiento. Se notó un aumento significativo en la frecuencia de micronúcleos en los animales tratados con 2.50 y 5.00 ppm y sacrificados después de 24 h. A concentraciones mayores este efecto desapareció probablemente debido al incremento de la letalidad celular. La frecuencia de inducción de MN fue menor después de 48 h que a 24 h del tratamiento. En la primera hubo una elevación en la frecuencia de MN dependiente de la concentración que, sin embargo, fue significativa cuando se comparó con el testigo solamente en la mayor (7.50 ppm).

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Micronucleus test in erythrocytes of Barbus plebejus (Teleostei, Pisces) from two natural environments: a bioassay for the in situ detection of mutagens in freshwater

Cited by 132 publications

References 18 publications

Perturbation of cytochrome P450, generation of oxidative stress and induction of DNA damage in Cyprinus carpio exposed in situ to potable surface water

Perturbation of cytochrome P450, generation of oxidative stress and induction of DNA damage in Cyprinus carpio exposed in situ to potable surface water

Modulating effects of humic acids on genotoxicity induced by water disinfectants in Cyprinus carpio

Detection of micronuclei in peripheral erythrocytes ofCyprinus carpio exposed to metallic mercury

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