“…At the same time, the relationship between trace elements and kidney calculi was also studied. Previous studies have investigated the correlation between kidney stones and dietary factors, including the consumption of caffeine [15], vitamin C [16], vitamin A [17], pyridoxine [18], zinc [19], and copper [20]. The relationship between the serum levels of various substances and kidney calculi, such as serum calcium, potassium, sodium [21], albumin [22] and magnesium [23], has also been studied.…”