Micronutrient intake in children with cystic fibrosis in Sydney, Australia

Abstract

Background: Children with CF have been reported to consume significantly more energy-dense, nutrientpoor foods than controls where there are now concerns of inadequate micronutrient intake. There are no current or comprehensive dietary studies assessing micronutrient intake in CF children. Objectives: To evaluate micronutrient intake in children with CF compared to recommended dietary intakes (RDIs). Methods: Dietary intake of 13 micronutrients was measured in CF children aged 2-18 years and age-and sex-matched controls using a validated food frequency questionnaire (The Australian Child and Adolescent Eating Survey). Results: CF children (n = 82) consumed significantly more energy than controls (n = 82) [3142(2531-3822) kcal vs 2216(1660-2941) kcal; p < .001]. Absolute intake in CF children was significantly higher in all micronutrients except vitamin C and folate, however energy-adjusted intake was significantly lower for all micronutrients except vitamin A, sodium, calcium and phosphorous. Energy-adjusted intake in primary school CF children was significantly less than controls in 8/13 micronutrients. Overall, median intakes exceeded the RDIs for all micronutrients however CF children fell short of the RDIs for folate (26.8%), iron (15.9%) and calcium (9.8%). In preschool , 50% of CF children and 91.7% of controls did not meet the iron RDI. High school CF and control children failed to meet RDIs for 7/13 and 9/13 micronutrients respectively. Conclusion: Increased intake of most micronutrients in CF children was largely attributed to higher energy consumption. However, micronutrient density of the diet declined with increasing age, where high school children failed to meet RDIs for most key micronutrients.

Adherence to Dietary Recommendations, Nutrient Intake Adequacy and Diet Quality among Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients: Results from the GreeCF Study

“…With reference to micronutrients, mineral intakes have not received adequate attention in CF, in contrast with the fat-soluble vitamins, which are routinely assessed in serum and supplemented orally [ 52 , 53 ]. Our patients exhibited comparable micronutrient intake with an Australian pediatric cohort of CF [ 54 ]. While for most micronutrients, the Australian study reported somewhat higher intakes than those we recorded, the largest differences were observed for vitamin A and magnesium intakes.…”

Low FODMAP Diet: Evidence, Doubts, and Hopes

“…However, after the micronutrient consumption was energy-adjusted, only the riboflavin decreased compared to the mNICE diet. Micronutrient intakes may be quantified as absolute intake and energy-adjusted intake, which is the amount of the micronutrient per 1000 kcals [84]. The number of patients who met their dietary reference intakes did not change, with the exception of thiamin and iron in the LFD arm.…”

Year in Review 2020: Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Disease in Cystic Fibrosis

“…Although the nutrition focus for CF is often on malnutrition due to malabsorption, other concerns are also being studied, such as micronutrient deficiency and the emerging concern of obesity. A cross sectional study (the Dietary Intake Study in cHildren (DISH), evaluated the dietary intake of 82 Australian children with CF compared to 82 healthy age and sex matched controls 6 . Children with CF consume more calories/energy, with increased absolute consumption of all micronutrients, except Vitamin C and folate.…”