Micronutrient levels of tuberculosis patients during the intensive phase, a prospective cohort study

2020

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Background: Micronutrients are minerals and vitamins required in small amounts, and they are essential for the normal physiological activities. The objectives of the study were to describe the progress and determinants of micronutrients level and to assess the effect of micronutrients in the treatment outcomes. Methods: A prospective cohort study was implemented. The data were collected using interviews, measuring anthropometric indicators, collecting blood, urine and stool samples from each patient. The blood samples were collected five times: before starting anti-leishmaniasis treatments, in the first week, in the second week, in the third week and in the 4th week of anti-leishmaniasis treatments. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the profile of patients and to compare the treatment success rate of Kalazar patients. The generalized estimating equation was used to identify the determinants of serum micronutrients.Results: The serum zinc level of Kalazar patients was affected by alcohol, DDS, family size, HIV, and sex. The serum iron level of kalazar patients was affected by alcohol, family size, malaria, hookworm, chronic disease, and HIV. The serum selenium level of kalazar patients was affected by HIV and family size. The iodine level of kalazar patients was affected by HIV, DDS, smoking, chronic illness, and regular physical exercise. The serum vitamin D level of kalazar patients was affected by HIV, alcohol, chronic illness, DDS, malaria, family size, age, residence, and MUAC. The serum vitamin D level of kalazar patients was affected by BMI, DDS, malaria, hookworm, family size, HIV, and age. Conclusion: The Micronutrient levels of Kalazar patients were significantly low. Anti-leishmaniasis treatment did not increase the serum micronutrient levels of the patients.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Micronutrient levels of visceral leishmaniasis patients, a longitudinal study.

2020

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“…Problematic alcohol use decreases the serum zinc level by 2.7 mcg/dl and the serum vitamin A level by 1.09 mcg/dl. This nding was in line with previous researches [39,40]. This is because alcohol interferes with the absorption and metabolism of zinc [41].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…High family size decreases the serum zinc level by 1.63 mcg/dl, the serum iron level by 5.14 mcg/dl, the serum zinc level by 11.36 ng/dl, the serum vitamin A level by 5.03mcg/dl, the serum vitamin D level of visceral leishmaniasis patients by 1.15 ng/ml. This nding was in line with previous researches [45][46][47]. This is due to the sharing of the limited micronutrient-rich foods to the unbalanced household family members [48].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Micronutrient levels and their effect on the prognosis of visceral leishmaniasis treatment; a prospective cohort study.

2020

Preprint

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Background: Micronutrients are minerals and vitamins required in small amounts, and they are essential for normal physiological activities. The objectives of the study were to describe the progress and determinants of micronutrients level and to assess the effect of micronutrients in the treatment outcomes. Methods: A prospective cohort study was implemented. The data were collected using interviews, measuring anthropometric indicators, collecting blood, urine, and stool samples from each patient. The blood samples were collected five times: before starting anti-leishmaniasis treatments, in the first week, in the second week, in the third week, and in the 4th week of anti-leishmaniasis treatments. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the profile of patients and to compare the treatment success rate of visceral leishmaniasis patients. The generalized estimating equation was used to identify the determinants of serum micronutrients.Results: The serum zinc level of visceral leishmaniasis patients was affected by alcohol, DDS, family size, HIV, and sex. The serum iron level of visceral leishmaniasis patients were affected by alcohol, family size, malaria, hookworm, chronic diseases, and HIV. The serum selenium level of visceral leishmaniasis patients was affected by HIV and family size. The iodine level of visceral leishmaniasis patients was affected by HIV, DDS, smoking, chronic illness, and regular physical exercise. The serum vitamin D level of visceral leishmaniasis patients was affected by HIV, alcohol, chronic illness, DDS, malaria, family size, age, residence, and MUAC. The serum vitamin D level of visceral leishmaniasis patients was affected by BMI, DDS, malaria, hookworm, family size, HIV, and age. Conclusion: The Micronutrient levels of visceral leishmaniasis patients were significantly low. Anti-leishmaniasis treatment did not increase the serum micronutrient levels of the patients.

“…Problematic alcohol use decreases the serum zinc level by 2.7 mcg/dl, and the serum vitamin A level by 1.09 mcg/dl. This nding was in line with previous research outputs [40,41]. This is because alcohol interferes with the absorption and metabolism of zinc [42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…A high family size decreases the serum zinc level of the patients by 1.63 mcg/dl, the serum iron level by 5.14 mcg/dl, the serum zinc level by 11.36 ng/dl, the serum vitamin A level by 5.03 mcg/dl, the serum vitamin D level of the patients by 1.15 ng/ml. This nding was in line with previous researches work [46][47][48]. This is due to the sharing of the limited micronutrient-rich foods to the unbalanced household family members [21,50].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Micronutrient levels and their effect on the prognosis of visceral leishmaniasis treatment; a prospective cohort study.

2020

Preprint

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Background: Micronutrients are minerals and vitamins and they are essential for normal physiological activities. The objectives of the study were to describe the progress and determinants of micronutrient levels and to assess the effects of micronutrients in the treatment outcome of kalazar. Methods: A prospective cohort study design was used. The data were collected using patient interviews, measuring anthropometric indicators, and collecting laboratory samples. The blood samples were collected at five different periods during the leishmaniasis treatments: before starting anti-leishmaniasis treatments, in the first week, in the second week, in the third week, and in the 4th week of anti-leishmaniasis treatments. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the profile of patients and to compare the treatment success rate. The generalized estimating equation was used to identify the determinants of serum micronutrients.Results: The mean age of the patients were 32.88 years [SD (standard deviation) ±15.95]. Male constitute 62.3 % of the patients and problematic alcohol use was present in 11.5 % of the patients. The serum zinc level of visceral leishmaniasis patients was affected by alcohol (B -2.7 [95 % CI: -4.01 - -1.5]), DDS (B 9.75 [95 % CI: 7.71 – 11.79]), family size (B -1.63 [95 % CI: -2.68 - -0.58]), HIV (B -2.95 [95 % CI: -4.97 - -0.92]), and sex (B -1.28 [95 % CI: -2.5 - -0.07]). The serum iron level of visceral leishmaniasis patients was affected by alcohol (B 7.6 [95 % CI: 5.86 – 9.35]), family size (B -5.14 [95 % CI: -7.01 - -3.28]), malaria (B -12.69 [95 % CI: -14.53 - -10.87]), Hookworm (-4.48 [-6.82 - -2.14]), chronic diseases (B -7.44 [95 % CI: -9.75 - -5.13]), and HIV (B -5.51 [95% CI: -8.23 - -2.78]). The serum selenium level of visceral leishmaniasis patient was affected by HIV (B -18.1 [95 % CI: -20.63 - -15.58]) and family size (B -11.36 [95 % CI: -13.02 - -9.7]). The iodine level of visceral leishmaniasis patient was affected by HIV (B -38.02 [95 % CI: -41.98 - -34.06]), DDS (B 25 .84 [95 % CI: 22.57 – 29.1]), smoking (B -12.34 [95 % CI: -15.98 - -8.7]), chronic illness (B -5.14 [95 % CI: -7.82 - -2.46]), and regular physical exercise (B 5.82 [95 % CI: 0.39 - 11.26]). The serum vitamin D level of visceral leishmaniasis patient was affected by HIV (B -9.43 [95 % CI: -10.92 - -7.94]), DDS (B 16.24 [95% CI: 14.89 – 17.58]), malaria (B -0.61 [95 % CI: -3.37 - -3.37]), and family size (B -1.15 [95 % CI: -2.03 - -0.28]). The serum vitamin A level of visceral leishmaniasis patient was affected by residence (B 0.81 [95 % CI: 0.08 - 1.54]), BMI (B 1.52 [95 % CI: 0.42 – 2.6]), DDS (B 1.62 [95 % CI: 0.36 – 2.88]), family size (B -5.03 [95 % CI: -5.83 - -4.22]), HIV (B -2.89 [95% CI: -4.44 - -1.34]),MUAC (B 0.86 [95 % CI: 0.52 – 1.21]), and age (B 0.09 [95 % CI: 0.07 – 0.12]). Conclusion: The micronutrient levels of visceral leishmaniasis patients were significantly lower. The anti-leishmaniasis treatment did not increase the serum micronutrient level of the patients.