Micronutrient optimization results into highly improved in vitro plant regeneration in kodo (Paspalum scrobiculatum L.) and finger (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) millets

Abstract

Basal medium constituents and their concentration play an important role in growth and morphogenesis of plant tissues cultured in vitro. In this study effect of different inorganic nutrients (CoCl 2 , MnSO 4 , ZnSO 4 , CuSO 4 and AgNO 3 ) on callus induction and plant regeneration in Paspalum scrobiculatum and Eleusine coracana was examined. A 59 and 39 increase in regeneration response at enhanced levels of CuSO 4 was noted for kodo and finger millets, respectively. Significant improvement in plant regeneration was also observed with the increase in levels of Co and Mn. Addition of AgNO 3 to the basal medium also had a stimulatory effect on callus induction and plant regeneration. Optimization of nutrient level in the basal medium has highly significant role in obtaining maximum regeneration response from explants and callus culture.

Direct shoot regeneration from leaf explants of Jatropha curcas in response to thidiazuron and high copper contents in the medium

“…Time required for induction of shoot buds was considerably reduced. This observation is supported by various reports in a range of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants including Triticale (Purnhauser and Gyalai 1993), barley (Dahleen 1995), wheat (Tahiliani and Kothari 2004), Capsicum (Joshi and Kothari 2007), Paspalum (Kothari-Chajer et al 2008) and Stevia (Jain et al 2009). Copper is the component or activator of many enzymes involved in electron transport, protein and sugar (Purnhauser and Gyulai 1993) synthesis, is an essential cofactor of superoxide dismutase, cytochrome c oxidase, amino oxidase, laccase, plastocyanin and polyphenol oxidase (Clemens 2001).…”

Effects of cytokinins, carbohydrates and amino acids on induction and maturation of somatic embryos in kodo millet (Paspalum scorbiculatum Linn.)

“…This is in conformity with earlier publications on kodo millet Rashid 2001, 2003). The induction of callus in cereals and millets is commonly achieved by 2,4-D (Mohanty et al 1985;Chandra and Kothari 1995;Kothari-Chajer et al 2008). However, in this study, addition of Kn or Zn to medium containing 2,4-D (9.0 lM) increased the percentage of EC induction from shoot apex explants with the optimal response achieved at 9.0 lM 2,4-D and 2.25 lM Kn.…”

“…A similar response of superior somatic embryogenesis was observed by combining 2,4-D and Kn in finger millet (Ceasar and Ignacimuthu 2008). Recently, Kothari-Chajer et al (2008) used 8.6 lM 2,4-D alone in the micronutrient-modified MS medium for somatic embryogenesis on the kodo millet genotype GPUK3.…”

“…We have already developed a regeneration protocol for kodo millet from shoot apex explants (Arockiasamy et al 2001). Recently, a highly efficient plant regeneration system through embryogenesis was also developed from immature inflorescences by micronutrient modification (Kothari-Chajer et al 2008). In this study, we report a highly efficient somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration system from shoot apex explants of kodo millet.…”

Factors influencing Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn

“…This is first time that we have used 10 times CuSO 4 compared with MS level in maintenance and regeneration medium for culturing Eleusine callus after Agrobacterium infection, where 5-6 times better growth of the callus was seen with good recovery of plantlets. Five times and 10 times CuSO 4 compared with MS level enhance regeneration response in Paspalum and Eleusine, respectively (Kothari-Chajer et al 2008). In another experiment, threefold concentrations of NH 4 NO 3 were found responsible for modifying the activity of host factors leading to a higher frequency of transgene integrations and possibly to the shift in the mechanism of transgene integrations (Boyko et al 2009).…”