Microorganisms and Enzymes Involved in Lignin Degradation Vis-à-vis Production of Nutritionally Rich Animal Feed: An Overview

Kuhad, Ramesh Chander; Kuhar, Sarika KuharS.; Sharma, Krishna Kant; Shrivastava, Bhuvnesh

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-0876-1_1

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 332 publications

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“…Genome sequences were downloaded from GenBank as indicated (Additional file 3 ). The classification of the fungi as lignocellulose-degraders was based on description of the fungi as degraders of complex plant cell wall material [ 33 , 34 ]. Hence, brown and white rot basidiomycota and saprophytic ascomycetes able to live on cell walls from dead plants are designated as cellulose-degraders [ 32 - 35 , 37 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of fungal and bacterial lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases

Busk

Lange

2015

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundLytic polysaccharide monooxygenases are important enzymes for the decomposition of recalcitrant biological macromolecules such as plant cell wall and chitin polymers. These enzymes were originally designated glycoside hydrolase family 61 and carbohydrate-binding module family 33 but are now classified as auxiliary activities 9, 10 and 11 in the CAZy database. To obtain a systematic analysis of the divergent families of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases we used Peptide Pattern Recognition to divide 5396 protein sequences resembling enzymes from families AA9 (1828 proteins), AA10 (2799 proteins) and AA11 (769 proteins) into subfamilies.ResultsThe results showed that the lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases have two conserved regions identified by conserved peptides specific for each AA family. The peptides were used for in silico PCR discovery of the lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases in 79 fungal and 95 bacterial genomes. The bacterial genomes encoded 0 – 7 AA10s (average 0.6). No AA9 or AA11 were found in the bacteria. The fungal genomes encoded 0 – 40 AA9s (average 7) and 0 – 15 AA11s (average 2) and two of the fungi possessed a gene encoding a putative AA10. The AA9s were mainly found in plant cell wall-degrading asco- and basidiomycetes in agreement with the described role of AA9 enzymes. In contrast, the AA11 proteins were found in 36 of the 39 ascomycetes and in only two of the 32 basidiomycetes and their abundance did not correlate to the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose.ConclusionsThese results provides an overview of the sequence characteristics and occurrence of the divergent AA9, AA10 and AA11 families and pave the way for systematic investigations of the of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases and for structure-function studies of these enzymes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1601-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of fungal and bacterial lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases

Busk

Lange

2015

BMC Genomics

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“…The major feed resources in the tropics including Ethiopia are crop residues such as straws which are high in fiber [4,5]. Moreover, these feed resources are characterized by for animal feeding is their low digestibility, due mainly to non-polysaccharide components such as phenolic acids [6,7]. To improve the nutritional quality of straws and agricultural byproducts, different strategies have been used to disrupt carbohydrate-lignin complexes, facilitate the access of cellulolytic microorganisms to the structural carbohydrates and improve the quality and nutritive value of straw [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological treatment of crop residues as an option for feed improvement in the tropics: A review

Asmare¹

2020

Anim Husb Dairy Vet Sci

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In tropical countries, roughages feeds are the major diets of ruminant animals which are poor in quality. Hence, improving the nutritive value of feeds of such kind is vital for best utilization for ultimate goal of increased animal production. Animal feeds and feeding practices can be changed by biological catalysts such as fungi with the objective to improve nutritive value and to reduce environmental waste. Biological treatment of such crop residues using white rot fungi can break the lignocellulose structure, liberating free cellulose and thus enhancing their feeding value. Biologically treated roughages have higher digestibility for most of the nutrients with an increase in crude protein content as compared to untreated material, besides ensuring more fermentable substrates in the rumen. In addition, treatment of low-quality animal feeds with white rot fungi species increases the protein and ash contents with a reduction of its fibrous fraction. Moreover, biological treatment roughages feed increases the feed intake, digestibility and eventually livestock production and reproduction. However, the application of biological treatment of roughages is limited by lack of biological agents such as the typical fungi or its products (enzymes) and knowledge of utilization of such agents. The other setback is reduction of weight of the final substrate after the treatment in which case a dry matter loss of substrate can be as high as 40% in prolonged incubation with the fungus. Moreover, there is lack of know how to use such technology in most of tropical Africa including Ethiopia. This review was then organized to create awareness on utilization of biological treatment as remedy for poor quality of roughages, optimizing mechanisms must be sought.

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“…As previously described, Daldinia spp. are known as type II soft-rot fungi that cause erosive degradation of lignocelluloses [ 14 ]; one sp. D. concentrica has been shown to be able to degrade the recalcitrant non-phenolic structures of lignin [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome analysis of Daldinia eschscholtzii strains UM 1400 and UM 1020, wood-decaying fungi isolated from human hosts

et al. 2015

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BackgroundDaldinia eschscholtzii is a wood-inhabiting fungus that causes wood decay under certain conditions. It has a broad host range and produces a large repertoire of potentially bioactive compounds. However, there is no extensive genome analysis on this fungal species.ResultsTwo fungal isolates (UM 1400 and UM 1020) from human specimens were identified as Daldinia eschscholtzii by morphological features and ITS-based phylogenetic analysis. Both genomes were similar in size with 10,822 predicted genes in UM 1400 (35.8 Mb) and 11,120 predicted genes in UM 1020 (35.5 Mb). A total of 751 gene families were shared among both UM isolates, including gene families associated with fungus-host interactions. In the CAZyme comparative analysis, both genomes were found to contain arrays of CAZyme related to plant cell wall degradation. Genes encoding secreted peptidases were found in the genomes, which encode for the peptidases involved in the degradation of structural proteins in plant cell wall. In addition, arrays of secondary metabolite backbone genes were identified in both genomes, indicating of their potential to produce bioactive secondary metabolites. Both genomes also contained an abundance of gene encoding signaling components, with three proposed MAPK cascades involved in cell wall integrity, osmoregulation, and mating/filamentation. Besides genomic evidence for degrading capability, both isolates also harbored an array of genes encoding stress response proteins that are potentially significant for adaptation to living in the hostile environments.ConclusionsOur genomic studies provide further information for the biological understanding of the D. eschscholtzii and suggest that these wood-decaying fungi are also equipped for adaptation to adverse environments in the human host.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-2200-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Microorganisms and Enzymes Involved in Lignin Degradation Vis-à-vis Production of Nutritionally Rich Animal Feed: An Overview

Cited by 16 publications

References 332 publications

Classification of fungal and bacterial lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases

Classification of fungal and bacterial lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases

Biological treatment of crop residues as an option for feed improvement in the tropics: A review

Genome analysis of Daldinia eschscholtzii strains UM 1400 and UM 1020, wood-decaying fungi isolated from human hosts

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