Micropatterned stretching system for the investigation of mechanical tension on neural stem cells behavior

Chang, Yu-Ju; Tsai, Chun-Horng; Tseng, Fan‐Gang; Chen, Tsung-Ju; Wang, Tzu‐Wei

doi:10.1016/j.nano.2012.07.008

Cited by 38 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Studies in chicken embryos suggest that neuroepithelial progenitor cells, precursors to basal radial glial cells in the oSVZ, proliferate in response to mechanical feedback [13,15,16]. Substrate mechanical properties [63] and mechanical tension [64] have been shown to affect the differentiation of stem cells into neurons. Franze and colleagues [65,66] have shown that axons are mechanosensitive, and several authors have observed that the emergence of neurites [43,51], as well as synapses [67], are affected by tension.…”

Section: (Ii) Reconciling Patterned and Tangential Growth Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of cortical folding: stress, growth and stability

Garcia

Kroenke

Bayly

2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

120

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Cortical folding, or gyrification, coincides with several important developmental processes. The folded shape of the human brain allows the cerebral cortex, the thin outer layer of neurons and their associated projections, to attain a large surface area relative to brain volume. Abnormal cortical folding has been associated with severe neurological, cognitive and behavioural disorders, such as epilepsy, autism and schizophrenia. However, despite decades of study, the mechanical forces that lead to cortical folding remain incompletely understood. Leading hypotheses have focused on the roles of (i) tangential growth of the outer cortex, (ii) spatio-temporal patterns in the birth and migration of neurons, and (iii) internal tension in axons. Recent experimental studies have illuminated not only the fundamental cellular and molecular processes underlying cortical development, but also the stress state, mechanical properties and spatio-temporal patterns of growth in the developing brain. The combination of mathematical modelling and physical measurements has allowed researchers to evaluate hypothesized mechanisms of folding, to determine whether each is consistent with physical laws. This review summarizes what physical scientists have learned from models and recent experimental observations, in the context of recent neurobiological discoveries regarding cortical development. Here, we highlight evidence of a combined mechanism, in which spatio-temporal patterns bias the locations of primary folds (i), but tangential growth of the cortical plate induces mechanical instability (ii) to propagate primary and higher-order folds. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Mechanics of development’.

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Section: (Ii) Reconciling Patterned and Tangential Growth Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanics of cortical folding: stress, growth and stability

Garcia

Kroenke

Bayly

2018

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

120

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“…As it has been demonstrated previously, mechanical forces and mechanosensing play a crucial role in neural-cell fate-assumption and organization, it would be logical to hypothesize that in the case of a foldable, 4D-printed hydrogel system with encapsulated NSCs, one would expect to see notable differentiation and cell migration around the peaks and valleys of the forming folds [63][64][65][66]. However, at the current state of 4D printing of smart materials, it is difficult to precisely control the exact time and force with which a printed construct can fold.…”

Section: Considerations For 4d-bioprinting Neural Tissues Constructsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…uncovering the effects that folding associated stresses, such as stretching, compressing, and varying stiffness, have on neural-cell fate commitment and terminal migration [63][64][65][66]. We expect that combinational 3D and 4D studies can be used to interrogate and verify the differential (tangential) growth pattern and axonal tension models as well as assess the effects of mechanical pressures on neuro-development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study does well to demonstrate that initial folding is largely a function of cortical swelling induced instabilities which confers stereotyped buckling. As with the other elastomer-based model, this study aims to elucidate the mechanism of cortical folding alone, and largely does not take into consideration the effects mechanical folding forces, such as stretching, compression, and stiffening, have on further neural-cell organization and commitment [63][64][65][66]. This model of cortical folding also sees the folding process occur at a rate which is far faster than what is observed in vivo.…”

Section: Tangential Expansion Model Of Cortical Foldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced 4D-bioprinting technologies for brain tissue modeling and study

Esworthy

Miao

Lee

et al. 2019

International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials

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Although the process by which the cortical tissues of the brain fold has been the subject of considerable study and debate over the past few decades, a single mechanistic description of the phenomenon has yet to be fully accepted. Rather, two competing explanations of cortical folding have arisen in recent years; known as the axonal tension and the differential tangential expansion models. In the present review, these two models are introduced by analyzing the computational, theoretical, materials-based, and cell studies which have yielded them. Then Four-dimensional bioprinting is presented as a powerful technology which can not only be used to test both models of cortical folding de novo, but can also be used to explore the reciprocal effects that folding associated mechanical stresses may have on neural development. Therein, the fabrication of 'smart' tissue models which can accurately simulate the in vivo folding process and recapitulate physiologically relevant stresses are introduced. We also provide a general description of both cortical neurobiology as well as the cellular basis of cortical folding. Our discussion also entails an overview of both 3D and 4D bioprinting technologies, as well as a brief commentary on recent advancements in printed central nervous system tissue engineering. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Kamotani, et al (2008) reported an array of PDMS microcells with deformable membrane, placed over piezoelectrically actuated pins. Furthermore, Chang, et al (2013) 33 utilised a motor actuated translation stage to stretch the deformable substrate in one direction and to introduce normal strain onto the cells cultured on the substrate. Electrothermal, electrostatic and di-electrophoresis actuations have also been explored for cell stretching.…”

Section: -17mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumatically actuated cell-stretching array platform for engineering cell patterns in vitro

et al. 2018

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Cellular response to mechanical stimuli is a well-known phenomenon known as mechanotransduction. It is widely accepted that mechanotransduction plays an important role in cell alignment which is critical for cell homeostasis. Although many approaches have been developed in recent years to study the effect of external mechanical stimuli on cell behaviour, most of them have not explored the ability of mechanical stimuli to engineer cell alignment to obtain patterned cell cultures. This paper introduces a simple, yet effective pneumatically actuated 4 × 2 cell stretching array for concurrently inducing a range of cyclic normal strains onto cell cultures to achieve predefined cell alignment. We utilised a ring-shaped normal strain pattern to demonstrate the growth of in vitro patterned cell cultures with predefined circumferential cellular alignment. Furthermore, to ensure the compatibility of the developed cell stretching platform with general tools and existing protocols, the dimensions of the developed cell-stretching platform follow the standard F-bottom 96-well plate. In this study, we report the principle design, simulation and characterisation of the cell-stretching platform with preliminary observations using fibroblast cells. Our experimental results of cytoskeleton reorganisation such as perpendicular cellular alignment of the cells to the direction of normal strain are consistent with those reported in the literature. After two hours of stretching, the circumferential alignment of fibroblast cells confirms the capability of the developed system to achieve patterned cell culture. The cell-stretching platform reported is potentially a useful tool for drug screening in 2D mechanobiology experiments, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

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Micropatterned stretching system for the investigation of mechanical tension on neural stem cells behavior

Cited by 38 publications

References 31 publications

Mechanics of cortical folding: stress, growth and stability

Mechanics of cortical folding: stress, growth and stability

Advanced 4D-bioprinting technologies for brain tissue modeling and study

Pneumatically actuated cell-stretching array platform for engineering cell patterns in vitro

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