Microphase separation of living cells

Carrère, A.; D’Alessandro, Joseph; Cochet‐Escartin, Olivier; Hesnard, Julie; Ghazi, Nasser; Rivière, Charlotte; Anjard, Christophe; Detcheverry, François; Rieu, Jean Paul

doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36395-2

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…[ 84 ] Besides the bulk phase, microphase separation has been observed in solutions, gels and even cells, as has been shown recently. [ 85 ] For the sake of data representation in this review, we associate microcrystallization and salting‐out effects to the phenomenon of microphase separation.…”

Section: Modes Of Energy Dissipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tough Hydrogels for Load‐Bearing Applications

Petelinšek,

Mommer

2024

Advanced Science

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Tough hydrogels have emerged as a promising class of materials to target load‐bearing applications, where the material has to resist multiple cycles of extreme mechanical impact. A variety of chemical interactions and network architectures are used to enhance the mechanical properties and fracture mechanics of hydrogels making them stiffer and tougher. In recent years, the mechanical properties of tough, high‐performance hydrogels have been benchmarked, however, this is often incomplete as important variables like water content are largely ignored. In this review, the aim is to clarify the reported mechanical properties of state‐of‐the‐art tough hydrogels by providing a comprehensive library of fracture and mechanical property data. First, common methods for mechanical characterization of such high‐performance hydrogels are introduced. Then, various modes of energy dissipation to obtain tough hydrogels are discussed and used to categorize the individual datasets helping to asses the material's (fracture) mechanical properties. Finally, current applications are considered, tough high‐performance hydrogels are compared with existing materials, and promising future opportunities are discussed.

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Section: Modes Of Energy Dissipationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tough Hydrogels for Load‐Bearing Applications

Petelinšek,

Mommer

2024

Advanced Science

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“…Additionally, the finite size of bacterial domains is often summarized as a consequence of bacterial kinetic slowdown (motility loss) instead of global inhibition induced by secreted factors. More recent studies have focused on eukaryotic cells, like D. discoideum , modeling their non-Turing domain formation by incorporating oxygen availability as long-range repulsion 63 . Nevertheless, proper experimental and computational models that reflect cellular level soluble factor secretion and genetic modification to bridge active matter phase separation theory with living-cell systems are still lacking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechano-induced homotypic patterned domain formation by monocytes

Wirtz,

Du,

Zhu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Matrix stiffness and corresponding mechano-signaling play indispensable roles in cellular phenotypes and functions. How tissue stiffness influences the behavior of monocytes, a major circulating leukocyte of the innate system, and how it may promote the emergence of collective cell behavior is less understood. Here, using tunable collagen-coated hydrogels of physiological stiffness, we show that human primary monocytes undergo a dynamic local phase separation to form highly regular, reversible, multicellular, multi-layered domains on soft matrix. Local activation of the β2 integrin initiates inter-cellular adhesion, while global soluble inhibitory factors maintain the steady state domain pattern over days. Patterned domain formation generated by monocytes is unique among other key immune cells, including macrophages, B cells, T cells, and NK cells. While inhibiting their phagocytic capability, domain formation promotes monocytes’ survival. We develop a computational model based on the Cahn-Hilliard equation of phase separation, combined with a Turing mechanism of local activation and global inhibition suggested by our experiments, and provides experimentally validated predictions of the role of seeding density and both chemotactic and random cell migration on domain pattern formation. This work reveals that, unlike active matters, cells can generate complex cell phases by exploiting their mechanosensing abilities and combined short-range interactions and long-range signals to enhance their survival.

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“…To avoid negative O 2 values a threshold C 1 = 0.5% O 2 was chosen below which cells consume oxygen relative to the local ambient oxygen concentrations. We also used a proliferation threshold below which cells stop dividing C 2 = 0.2% O 2 as recently measured ( Carrère et al, 2023 ). This is also a slight modification to our initial Go-or-Grow model for which C 0 = C 2 ( Cochet-Escartin et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The aerotaxis of Dictyostelium discoideum is independent of mitochondria, nitric oxide and oxidative stress

Hirose

Hesnard

Ghazi

et al. 2023

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Spatial and temporal variations of oxygen environments affect the behaviors of various cells and are involved in physiological and pathological events. Our previous studies with Dictyostelium discoideum as a model of cell motility have demonstrated that aerotaxis toward an oxygen-rich region occurs below 2% O2. However, while the aerotaxis of Dictyostelium seems to be an effective strategy to search for what is essential for survival, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is still largely unclear. One hypothesis is that an oxygen concentration gradient generates a secondary oxidative stress gradient that would direct cell migration towards higher oxygen concentration. Such mechanism was inferred but not fully demonstrated to explain the aerotaxis of human tumor cells. Here, we investigated the role on aerotaxis of flavohemoglobins, proteins that can both act as potential oxygen sensors and modulators of nitric oxide and oxidative stress. The migratory behaviors of Dictyostelium cells were observed under both self-generated and imposed oxygen gradients. Furthermore, their changes by chemicals generating or preventing oxidative stress were tested. The trajectories of the cells were then analyzed through time-lapse phase-contrast microscopic images. The results indicate that both oxidative and nitrosative stresses are not involved in the aerotaxis of Dictyostelium but cause cytotoxic effects that are enhanced upon hypoxia.

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Microphase separation of living cells

Cited by 5 publications

References 54 publications

Tough Hydrogels for Load‐Bearing Applications

Tough Hydrogels for Load‐Bearing Applications

Mechano-induced homotypic patterned domain formation by monocytes

The aerotaxis of Dictyostelium discoideum is independent of mitochondria, nitric oxide and oxidative stress

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